ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2022
Cancer's Lasting Financial Burden: Evidence From a Longitudinal Assessment.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Financial toxicity among US adults with rheumatic disease and prior cancer: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Beyond income: financial hardship as a pathway from socioeconomic disadvantage to depression among middle and older cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Financial burden of high-cost immunotherapy among cancer survivors in Medicare.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Financial toxicity trajectories and their association with short-term and long-term health outcomes in Chinese patients with cancer: a prospective cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Bioactive Constituents of Ginseng in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms, Translational Potential, and Advanced Delivery Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- County-level medical debt and treatment initiation among individuals newly diagnosed with cancer.Cancer · 2025Article
- Development of A Caregiver-Reported Scale for Pediatric Cancer Financial Toxicity (CRS-PCFT).Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- High-Cost Cancer Drug Use in Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Estimating financial and health burden by initial Medicare plan choice and history of cancer.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- USP38: an important regulatory factor in tumor malignant progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Medicine availability and affordability for paediatric cancers, China.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic role of microRNA-525 in different cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Identification of symptom clusters and sentinel symptoms during the first cycle of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Prehabilitation in Adults Undergoing Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Review on Rationale, Methodology, and Measures of Effectiveness.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Are We Losing the Final Fight against Cancer?Cancers · 2024Article
- Repurposing of neprilysin inhibitor 'sacubitrilat' as an anti-cancer drug by modulating epigenetic and apoptotic regulators.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Transcriptome and pan-cancer system analysis identify PM2.5-induced stanniocalcin 2 as a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker for cancers.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal analysis of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) trajectories for the assessment of cancer's lasting financial impact.
methodsWe identified newly diagnosed cancer patients and constructed matched control group of noncancer participants from the 2002-2018 Health and Retirement Study. Outcomes included monthly OOPE for prescription drugs (RX-OOPE_MONTHLY) and OOPE for medical services other than drugs in the past 2 years (non-RX-OOPE_2YR), consumer debt, and new individual retirement account (IRA) withdrawals. Generalized linear models were used to compare OOPEs between cancer and matched control groups. Logistic regressions were used to compare household-level consumer debt or early IRA withdrawal. Subgroup analysis stratified patients by age, health status, and household income, with the low-income group stratified by Medicaid coverage. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
resultsThe study cohort included 2022 cancer patients and 10 110 participants in the matched noncancer control group. Mean non-RX-OOPE_2YR of cancer patients was similar to that of participants in the matched control group before diagnosis but statistically significantly higher at diagnosis ($1157, P < .001), 2 ($511, P < .001) years, 4 ($360, P = .006) years, and 6 ($430, P = .01) years after diagnosis. A similar pattern was observed in RX-OOPE_MONTHLY. A statistically significantly higher proportion of cancer patients incurred consumer debt at diagnosis (34.5% vs 29.9%; P < .001) and 2 years after (32.5% vs 28.2%; P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in new IRA withdrawals. Patients experienced lasting financial consequences following cancer diagnosis that were most pronounced among patients aged 65 years and older, in good-to-excellent health at baseline, and with low income, but without Medicaid coverage.
conclusionsPolicies to reduce costs and expand insurance coverage options while reducing cost-sharing are needed.
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