ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2022
An Extremely Streamlined Macronuclear Genome in the Free-Living Protozoan Fabrea salina.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Cross-domain transfer of trehalose biosynthesis genes contributes to adaptation in high-altitude environments.National science review · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial remodeling and metabolic reprogramming drive long-term salinity adaptation inmSystems · 2026Article
- Cell-supporting cytoskeletons and phagocytic acquisition of compatible solutes emerge as common strategies for high-salt adaptation in different ciliates.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- The genome and comparative transcriptome of the euryhaline model ciliate Paramecium duboscqui reveal adaptations to environmental salinity.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Adaptation in Unstable Environments and Global Gene Losses: Small but Stable Gene Networks by the May-Wigner Theory.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- A Small Genome amidst the Giants: Evidence of Genome Reduction in a Small Tubulinid Free-Living Amoeba.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Molecular basis of phenotypic plasticity in a marine ciliate.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- Stop or Not: Genome-Wide Profiling of Reassigned Stop Codons in Ciliates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ciliated protists are among the oldest unicellular organisms with a heterotrophic lifestyle and share a common ancestor with Plantae. Unlike any other eukaryotes, there are two distinct nuclei in ciliates with separate germline and somatic cell functions. Here, we assembled a near-complete macronuclear genome of Fabrea salina, which belongs to one of the oldest clades of ciliates. Its extremely minimized genome (18.35 Mb) is the smallest among all free-living heterotrophic eukaryotes and exhibits typical streamlined genomic features, including high gene density, tiny introns, and shrinkage of gene paralogs. Gene families involved in hypersaline stress resistance, DNA replication proteins, and mitochondrial biogenesis are expanded, and the accumulation of phosphatidic acid may play an important role in resistance to high osmotic pressure. We further investigated the morphological and transcriptomic changes in the macronucleus during sexual reproduction and highlighted the potential contribution of macronuclear residuals to this process. We believe that the minimized genome generated in this study provides novel insights into the genome streamlining theory and will be an ideal model to study the evolution of eukaryotic heterotrophs.
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