ArticleToxins2022
Mycotoxins Exposure in Cabinda, Angola-A Pilot Biomonitoring Survey of Breastmilk.
Article in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin MScientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Human biomonitoring of mycotoxins: key challenges and future directions.Mycotoxin research · 2025Review
- Sociodemographic and dietary predictors of maternal and placental mycoestrogen concentrations in a US pregnancy cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Biomonitoring Pilot Surveys of Zearalenone in Breastmilk and the Urine of Children in Central Portugal.Toxins · 2025Article
- Associations between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Occurrence of ochratoxin A in breast milk and urine samples of nursing mothers in Bangladesh.Mycotoxin research · 2024Article
- Longitudinal follow-up of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol mycotoxins in breast milk in the first five months of life.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
- Article
- Human Breast Milk Contamination with Aflatoxins, Impact on Children's Health, and Possible Control Means: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk is considered the ideal form of nutrition for newborns and infants. However, it can carry over contaminants, namely mycotoxins, with biological effects to which this population is particularly vulnerable. Human biomonitoring and surveillance programs are particularly scarce in low-income countries, where food security is a more urgent priority in comparison with food safety. This pilot survey aims to assess exposure of breastfed infants to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in Angola, and to evaluate the main socio-demographical and food consumption determinants of lactating mothers. All 37 breast milk samples analyzed are found to be contaminated with ZEN and OTA, although none are found contaminated with AFM1. Contamination levels are lower than previously reported for ZEN but higher in the case of OTA. A significant association between ZEN levels in breast milk and the consumption of cookies by the lactating mothers is found. As for OTA, higher levels are observed in the milk from mothers with younger infants, for which high estimated daily intake (EDI) is determined. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first survey of the occurrence of mycotoxins in breast milk in Angola, so further human biomonitoring works should follow, given that mycotoxins are a global health issue that directly impact the health of populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.