ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
A molecular interpretation of the toughness of multiple network elastomers at high temperature.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wear in multiple network elastomers arises from the continuous accumulation of molecular damage rather than microcrack growth.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tough and Rapidly Relaxing Hydrogels Via Programmable Crosslink Kinetics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Probing the microscopic origin of toughness in multiple polymer networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Cutting soft materials: how material differences shape the response.npj computational materials · 2026Article
- From molecular damage and viscoelasticity to interfacial fracture in soft polymer networks: Insights from mechanochemistry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Why cutting is easier than tearing elastomers.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Autonomic Self-Healing of Polymers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Elastic, strong and tough ionically conductive elastomers.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Role of molecular damage in crack initiation mechanisms of tough elastomers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Mechanochemical Approaches to Fundamental Studies in Soft-Matter Physics.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024Review
- Fluorescence-readout as a powerful macromolecular characterisation tool.Chemical science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SignificanceSoft materials can be toughened by creating dissipative mechanisms in stretchy matrixes. Yet using them over a wide range of temperatures requires dissipative mechanisms independent of stretch rate or temperature. We show that sacrificial covalent bonds in multiple network elastomers are most useful in toughening elastomers at high temperature and act synergistically with viscoelasticity at lower temperature. We do not attribute this toughening mechanism only to the scission of bonds during crack propagation but propose that the highly stretched network diluted in a stretchy matrix acts by simultaneously stiffening the elastomer and delaying the localization of bond scission and the propagation of a crack. Such a toughening mechanism has never been proposed for elastomers and should guide network design.
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