Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35323968›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2022

Landscape of mobile genetic elements and their antibiotic resistance cargo in prokaryotic genomes.

Supriya Khedkar, Georgy Smyshlyaev, Ivica Letunic, Oleksandr M Maistrenko, Luis Pedro Coelho, Askarbek Orakov, Sofia K Forslund, Falk Hildebrand, Mechthild Luetge, Thomas S B Schmidt and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed
23.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. New microbes and new infections · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Evolution ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Supriya KhedkarEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6606-2202
Georgy SmyshlyaevEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Ivica LetunicBiobyte solutions GmbH, Bothestr 142, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3560-4288
Oleksandr M MaistrenkoEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1961-7548
Luis Pedro CoelhoInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Askarbek OrakovEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Sofia K ForslundEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Falk HildebrandEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Mechthild LuetgeEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Thomas S B SchmidtEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Orsolya BarabasEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2873-5872
Peer BorkEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
European Molecular Biology Laboratory · DEUniversity of Geneva · CHBiobyte Solutions (Germany) · DEFudan University · CNMax Delbrück Center · DEYonsei University · KR

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/F/000PR10353
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prokaryotic Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) such as transposons, integrons, phages and plasmids, play important roles in prokaryotic evolution and in the dispersal of cargo functions like antibiotic resistance. However, each of these MGE types is usually annotated and analysed individually, hampering a global understanding of phylogenetic and environmental patterns of MGE dispersal. We thus developed a computational framework that captures diverse MGE types, their cargos and MGE-mediated horizontal transfer events, using recombinases as ubiquitous MGE marker genes and pangenome information for MGE boundary estimation. Applied to ∼84k genomes with habitat annotation, we mapped 2.8 million MGE-specific recombinases to six operational MGE types, which together contain on average 13% of all the genes in a genome. Transposable elements (TEs) dominated across all taxa (∼1.7 million occurrences), outnumbering phages and phage-like elements (<0.4 million). We recorded numerous MGE-mediated horizontal transfer events across diverse phyla and habitats involving all MGE types, disentangled and quantified the extent of hitchhiking of TEs (17%) and integrons (63%) with other MGE categories, and established TEs as dominant carriers of antibiotic resistance genes. We integrated all these findings into a resource (proMGE.embl.de), which should facilitate future studies on the large mobile part of genomes and its horizontal dispersal.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacteriophagesDNA Transposable ElementsDrug Resistance, MicrobialGene Transfer, HorizontalPhylogenyRecombinasesDNA Transposable ElementsRecombinases

Identifiers

PMID35323968
PMCPMC8989519
OpenAlexW4220942143

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.