Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2022
Cost of healthcare utilization associated with incident cardiovascular and renal disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A multinational, observational study across 12 countries.
Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic Foot Ulcers Are Clinical Marker of Disease Burden in People With Diabetes and Heart Failure.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Patients With CKD and Diabetes Mellitus.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- Missed opportunities to manage complex comorbidity of heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2025Article
- Advancing Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Medicine: A Narrative Review of Insights and Innovations for the Future.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
- Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Collaborative Care Plans for Primary Care Physicians Using Effective Communication Styles.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Healthcare costs in relation to kidney function among older people: the SCOPE study.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Patients' health care resources utilization and costs estimation across cardiovascular risk categories: insights from the LATINO study.Health economics review · 2024Article
- Second-line pharmacotherapy intensification after metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes: a nationwide register study from Finland during 2011-2022.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Challenges and Strategies in Implementing Novel Kidney Protective and Cardioprotective Therapies in Patients With Diabetes and Kidney Disease.Seminars in nephrology · 2024Review
- Risk Prediction and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular and renal diseases in type 2 diabetes patients: 5-year cumulative incidence of the first occurred manifestation and hospitalization cost: a cohort within the French SNDS nationwide claims database.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Based on knowledge capital value for disease cost accounting of diagnosis related groups.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Comparison of clinical characteristics and disease burden between early- and late-onset type 2 diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Observational
- Observational
- Burden of established cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes and matched controls: Hospital-based care, days absent from work, costs and mortality.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Article
- Cardiorenal diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical trials and real-world practice.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for acute kidney injury in patients after cardiac arrest.Renal failure · 2023Article
- Treatment pattern trends of medications for type 2 diabetes in British Columbia, Canada.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 16 institutions in 15 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo examine how the development of cardiovascular and renal disease (CVRD) translates to hospital healthcare costs in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initially free from CVRD.
methodsData were obtained from the digital healthcare systems of 12 nations using a prespecified protocol. A fixed country-specific index date of 1 January was chosen to secure sufficient cohort disease history and maximal follow-up, varying between each nation from 2006 to 2017. At index, all individuals were free from any diagnoses of CVRD (including heart failure [HF], chronic kidney disease [CKD], coronary ischaemic disease, stroke, myocardial infarction [MI], or peripheral artery disease [PAD]). Outcomes during follow-up were hospital visits for CKD, HF, MI, stroke, and PAD. Hospital healthcare costs obtained from six countries, representing 68% of the total study population, were cumulatively summarized for CVRD events occurring during follow-up.
resultsIn total, 1.2 million CVRD-free individuals with T2D were identified and followed for 4.5 years (mean), that is, 4.9 million patient-years. The proportion of individuals indexed before 2010 was 18% (n = 207 137); 2010-2015, 31% (361 175); and after 2015, 52% (609 095). Overall, 184 420 (15.7%) developed CVRD, of which cardiorenal disease was most frequently the first disease to develop (59.7%), consisting of 23.0% HF and 36.7% CKD, and more common than stroke (16.9%), MI (13.7%), and PAD (9.7%). The total cumulative cost for CVRD was US$1 billion, of which 59.0% was attributed to cardiorenal disease, 3-, 5-, and 6-fold times greater than the costs for stroke, MI, and PAD, respectively.
conclusionAcross all nations, HF or CKD was the most frequent CVRD manifestation to develop in a low-risk population with T2D, accounting for the highest proportion of hospital healthcare costs. These novel findings highlight the importance of cardiorenal awareness when planning healthcare.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.