ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2022
VIP plasma levels associate with survival in severe COVID-19 patients, correlating with protective effects in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled Aviptadil Is a New Hope for Recovery of Lung Damage due to COVID-19.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025Trial
- Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Trial
- HSV-1 Infection Differentially Modulates NPY and VIP Neuropeptide Expression in the Mouse Brain and in Human Neuronal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses the canonical NF-κB pathway by promoting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of TAK1 kinase.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- CGRP at the Neuroimmune Interface: Regulator of Host Defense, Tumor Immunity, and Tissue Homeostasis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Integrative multi-omics framework for causal gene discovery in Long COVID.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in COVID-19 Therapy-Shedding of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 via ADAM10.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic variants regulating the immune response improve the prediction of COVID-19 severity provided by clinical variables.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The impact of exogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on inflammatory responses and mRNA expression of tight junction genes in lambs fed a high-grain diet.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- A negative trial for vasoactive intestinal peptide in COVID-19-associated acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Article
- Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with genetic variants of genes related to COVID-19 pathogenesis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Role of endocrine PACAP in age-related diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to identify the effects of COVID-19 on neurodegenerative diseases: A review.Medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- VIP/VPAC Axis Expression in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders: Associated miRNA Signatures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in Development and Treatment of COVID-19: Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- VIP plasma levels associate with survival in severe COVID-19 patients, correlating with protective effects in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
- Female reproductive functions of the neuropeptide PACAP.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 may elicit uncontrolled and damaging inflammatory responses. Thus, it is critical to identify compounds able to inhibit virus replication and thwart the inflammatory reaction. Here, we show that the plasma levels of the immunoregulatory neuropeptide VIP are elevated in patients with severe COVID-19, correlating with reduced inflammatory mediators and with survival on those patients. In vitro, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), highly similar neuropeptides, decreased the SARS-CoV-2 RNA content in human monocytes and viral production in lung epithelial cells, also reducing cell death. Both neuropeptides inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators in lung epithelial cells and in monocytes. VIP and PACAP prevented in monocytes the SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of NF-kB and SREBP1 and SREBP2, transcriptions factors involved in proinflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism, respectively. They also promoted CREB activation, a transcription factor with antiapoptotic activity and negative regulator of NF-kB. Specific inhibition of NF-kB and SREBP1/2 reproduced the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and cell death protection effects of VIP and PACAP. Our results support further clinical investigations of these neuropeptides against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.