ReviewNature protocols2022
Generation and characterization of hair-bearing skin organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.
Review in Nature protocols, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin organoid-derived exosomes in a hydrogel system potentiate skin wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Decoding Sebaceous Gland Biology Through Experimental Models: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions.Cells · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Melanoma: Insights into Tumor Initiation and Oncogenic Signaling Pathways.International journal of stem cells · 2026Review
- Review
- Application of human induced pluripotent stem cells for tissue modeling and therapy: are we on track?Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Review
- Highly Biomimetic Ectodermal Epithelial Organoids for Epithelial Barrier Stimulation Assays.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- [Culture and identification of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2026Article
- Engineering skin microphysiological systems for transdermal drug screening based on strategic model selection and quantitative prediction roadmaps.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Article
- RNA Coding and Transcriptional Regulation in Skin Repair: Insights from Single-Cell Profiling and Implications for Organoid-Based Regenerative Strategies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dermal Microvascular Responses of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Skin Organoids to Inflammation and Injury.The American journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Article
- Spherical Skin Model: Stratified Co-Culture of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes on Spherical Beads Toward Compound Screening.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Generation and characterization of vestibular inner ear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Innovations in skin microphysiological systems for nonclinical testing and FDA modernization.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- An innovative in vitro system unveils IGF1R signaling regulating Merkel cell generation.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Hematopoietic organoids: Opportunities and challenges in modeling human hematopoiesis and diseases in vitro.Stem cell reports · 2026Review
- Organoids in Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects.MedComm · 2026Review
- Hair follicle organoids: advances in construction, applications, and translational challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids enabled pathophysiological model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human skin uses millions of hairs and glands distributed across the body surface to function as an external barrier, thermoregulator and stimuli sensor. The large-scale generation of human skin with these appendages would be beneficial, but is challenging. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for generating hair-bearing skin tissue entirely from a homogeneous population of human pluripotent stem cells in a three-dimensional in vitro culture system. Defined culture conditions are used over a 2-week period to induce differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to surface ectoderm and cranial neural crest cells, which give rise to the epidermis and dermis, respectively, in each organoid unit. After 60 d of incubation, the skin organoids produce hair follicles. By day ~130, the skin organoids reach full complexity and contain stratified skin layers, pigmented hair follicles, sebaceous glands, Merkel cells and sensory neurons, recapitulating the cell composition and architecture of fetal skin tissue at week 18 of gestation. Skin organoids can be maintained in culture using this protocol for up to 150 d, enabling the organoids to be used to investigate basic skin biology, model disease and, further, reconstruct or regenerate skin tissue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.