ArticleBMJ open2022
Changing epidemiology of firearm injury: a cohort study of non-fatal firearm victimisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and Disparities in Firearm Injuries Among Emerging Adults: A 15-Year Analysis of Emergency Department Admissions in the U.S.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Adapting a digital intervention to prevent youth violence and depressive symptoms from the emergency department for community violence interventions.Cogent mental health · 2025Article
- Qualitative study of factors affecting engagement with a hospital-based violence intervention programme in Indianapolis, Indiana.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Identifying overlaps and disconnects between media reports and official records of nonfatal firearm injuries in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2021-2022.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Engagement With Mental Health Services Among Survivors of Firearm Injury.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Violent Injuries in Children: A Literature Review.Advances in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Fractures in Children Due to Firearm Activity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine victimisation rates, geographic patterns and neighbourhood characteristics associated with non-fatal firearm injury rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
designA retrospective cohort study.
settingCity of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 1 January 2017-30 June 2021.
participantsIntentional non-fatal firearm injury victims from Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department records. The study included information on 2578 non-fatal firearm injury victims between ages 0 and 77 years. Of these victims, 82.5% were male and 77.4% were black. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of non-fatal firearm injuries per 100 000 population by victim age, race, sex and incident motive. Prepandemic and peripandemic non-fatal firearm injury rates.
resultsNon-fatal shooting rates increased 8.60%, from 57.0 per 100 000 person-years in prepandemic years to 65.6 per 100 000 person-years during the pandemic (p<0.001). Rates of female victims (15.2 vs 23.8 per 100,000; p<0.001) and older victims (91.3 vs 120.4 per 100,000; p<0.001) increased significantly during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. Neighbourhoods with higher levels of structural disadvantage (IRR: 1.157, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.324) and prepandemic firearm injury rates (IRR: 1.001, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.002) was positively associated with higher rates of non-fatal firearm injuries during the pandemic, adjusting for neighbourhood characteristics.
conclusionsNon-fatal firearm injuries increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among female and older victims. Efforts are needed to expand and rethink current firearm prevention efforts that both address the diversification of victimisation and the larger societal trauma of firearm violence.
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