ArticleBMC women's health2022
Association between parity and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Article in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional prevalence of osteopenia in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Global and regional prevalence of osteoporosis in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of pregnancies and livebirths with postmenopausal osteoporosis odds and modifying effects of physical activity.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Causal Effects of Female Reproductive and Hormonal Factors on Osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density, and Osteoarthritis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- The association of infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, and parity with osteoporosis: a pooled analysis of five cohort studies.Fertility and sterility · 2026Article
- Review
- The relationship between parity, delivery mode, maternal age at delivery, and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Metallomic profiles of pregnant women living with obesity in the UK: a secondary analysis of UPBEAT.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2025Article
- Association of reproductive characteristics with osteoporosis and FRAX scores in Chinese postmenopausal women: a QCT-based cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gynoid lean muscle mass as mediator between menarche age, hand grip and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Femoral Fracture in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Data from the Literature.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- 'Bone Health-Across a Woman's Lifespan'.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Review
- Association Between Parity and Bone Mineral Density in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Potential impact of obstetric history on postmenopausal fragility fracture risk: A reassessment of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2025Article
- Association between the frequency of different modes of delivery and depression: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations of PFAS concentrations during pregnancy and midlife with bone health in midlife: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from Project Viva.Environment international · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteoporosis among Postmenopausal Women Visiting a District Hospital of Nepal: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Observational
- Nonlinear relationship between cardiometabolic index and bone mineral density in U.S. adults: the mediating role of percent body fat.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Heterogeneity of Post-Menopausal Disease Risk: Could the Basis for Why Only Subsets of Females Are Affected Be Due to a Reversible Epigenetic Modification System Associated with Puberty, Menstrual Cycles, Pregnancy and Lactation, and, Ultimately, Menopause?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy has been considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Despite much research in this field, the relationship between parity and bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate whether there was an association between parity and BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women.
methodsCross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three linear regression models, Model 1 (unadjusted), Model 2 (adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI)), and Model 3 (adjusted for all covariates), were established to evaluate the relationship between parity and BMD. In addition, the p value trend of BMD in the different parity groups was mutually verified with the results of multiple regression. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between parity and osteoporosis.
resultsIn total, 924 postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years were eligible for this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with ≥ 6 parities had significantly lower lumbar spine BMD than women with 1-2 parities (β = - 0.072, 95% CI: - 0.125, - 0.018, P = 0.009). However, there was no correlation between parity and femoral neck BMD in any of the three regression models. Furthermore, ≥ 6 parities were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of lumbar spine osteoporosis compared with 1-2 parities (OR = 3.876, 95% CI: 1.637, 9.175, P = 0.002).
conclusionsAfter adjustment for BMD-related risk factors, ≥ 6 parities were associated with decreased lumbar spine BMD but not femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women. This suggests that postmenopausal women with high parity are at increased risk of lumbar osteoporotic fractures and should pay more attention to their bone health.
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