ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Feeder-Cell-Free and Serum-Free Expansion of Natural Killer Cells Using Cloudz Microspheres, G-Rex6M, and Human Platelet Lysate.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunomodulatory strategies for ex vivo immune cell expansion in adoptive cell therapy: translational and regulatory considerations for clinical manufacturing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Scalable production process development for NK cells targeting large-scale expansion.Regenerative therapy · 2025Article
- CAR-NK cell therapy in multiple myeloma: from preclinical and clinical landscape to joining the force for treatment strategies optimization.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in AML: breaking barriers and charting the future.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- A Scalable Protocol for Ex Vivo Production of CAR-Engineered Human NK Cells.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Characterization of ex vivo expanded natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy.Immunology and cell biology · 2025Article
- Cytokines in Focus: IL-2 and IL-15 in NK Adoptive Cell Cancer Immunotherapy.Immune network · 2025Review
- Recent advances in feeder-free NK cell expansion as a future direction of adoptive cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- GMP Manufacturing of Allogenic iPSC-NK Cells for Immunotherapy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- CAR-NK cell for gynecological cancers: immune microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The development and application of chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cells for cancer therapy: current state, challenges and emerging therapeutic advances.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Comparison of Natural Killer Cells Differentiated from Various Pluripotent Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Harnessing natural killer cells for refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma: biological roles, clinical trials, and future prospective.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Promising approach for targeting ROBO1 with CAR NK cells to combat ovarian cancer primary tumor cells and organoids.Future science OA · 2024Article
- A Critical Role of Culture Medium Selection in Maximizing the Purity and Expansion of Natural Killer Cells.Cells · 2024Article
- Engineering Improved CAR T Cell Products with A Multi-Cytokine Particle Platform for Hematologic and Solid Tumors.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Generation and optimization of off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics targeting TCR-Vβ2+ T cell malignancy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Scalable process development of NK and CAR-NK expansion in a closed bioreactor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Process engineering of natural killer cell-based immunotherapy.Trends in biotechnology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The versatility of natural killer cells has ignited growing interest in their therapeutic use for cancer and other immunotherapy treatments. However, NK cells compose a small portion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (5%-20% of PBMCs) and clinical doses require billions of cells. Manufacturing suitable doses of NK cells remains a major challenge for NK immunotherapy. The current standard for expanding NK cells relies on feeder cells and fetal bovine serum to achieve large expansion, but both encounter regulatory concerns. We developed NK Cloudz, a dissolvable polymer-based microsphere platform, as an alternative to a feeder cell approach to expand NK cells. We demonstrated that a combination of NK Cloudz, a G-Rex6M culture vessel, and GMP Human Platelet Lysate expanded NK cells 387 ± 100-fold in 10 days from a PBMC starting population. The NK purity, viability, and cytotoxicity were similar to both a feeder cell protocol and an FBS-based protocol. Additionally, we found no significant differences between FBS and GMP Human Platelet Lysate and concluded that platelet lysate is a good xeno-free alternative to FBS for NK expansion. Overall, we demonstrated a feeder-cell-free and FBS-free protocol that leverages NK Cloudz as a promising step toward a commercial GMP manufacturing method to expand NK cells for therapeutic use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.