ArticleKorean journal of family medicine2022
Primary Dysmenorrhea: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Updates.
Article in Korean journal of family medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 110 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) in Individuals With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Study
Formative Assessment of the Effect of 'Cramp Bites' Intake on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Women Aged 18-25: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
Effect of Mojzisova Method on Pain, Menstrual Symptom and Insomnia in Primary Dysmenorrhea
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Clinical Symptoms During the Ovarian Cycle
Investigating the Impact of Seed Cycling on Menstrual Regularity, Dysmenorrhea, and Premenstrual Symptoms
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of primary dysmenorrhea among women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of therapeutic exercise for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacological insights intoFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D for primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-related pain - A systematic review of registered RCTs.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Quality of patient-reported outcome measures for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal footbaths as an adjuvant therapy for dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Fenugreek on the Severity of Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current drug research reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of pelvic floor muscle training with or without dynamic neuromuscular stabilization-based breathing on menstrual pain and symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2026Trial
- Benefits of fresh strawberries consumption from Huelva in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Depression, Nutritional Status, and Substance P/NK-1R Biomarkers in Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Depression and anxiety · 2026Trial
- Effects of chamomile and -theanine beverage on menstrual pain, menstrual symptoms, mood, and sleep quality in young women experiencing primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2025Trial
- Effect of Myofascial Release on Pain and Uterine Artery Hemodynamic Indices in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- An Examination into the Safety and Efficacy of KhapregesicInternational journal of women's health · 2025Trial
- The Effect of EX-B8 Acupressure on Labor Pain: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- The effect of listening to music and drawing on coping with dysmenorrhea complaints in nursing students: randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2024Trial
- Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Comparative Efficacy of Dark Chocolate, Coconut Water, and Ibuprofen in Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- The role of probiotics in improving menstrual health in women with primary dysmenorrhoea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the PERIOD study).Women's health (London, England)Trial
- Prostaglandin E2-mediated aging microenvironment fuels pathogenic fibrosis in cesarean section scar defect.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Real-life use of non-pharmacological strategies and their relationship with symptom burden in primary dysmenorrhea: a cross-sectional study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common, disregarded, underdiagnosed, and inadequately treated complaint of both young and adult females. It is characterized by painful cramps in the lower abdomen, which start shortly before or at the onset of menses and which could last for 3 days. In particular, PD negatively impacts the quality of life (QOL) of young females and is the main reason behind their absenteeism from school or work. It is suggested that increased intrauterine secretion of prostaglandins F2α and E2 are responsible for the pelvic pain associated with this disorder. Its associated symptoms are physical and/or psychological. Its physical symptoms include headache, lethargy, sleep disturbances, tender breasts, various body pains, disturbed appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and increased urination, whereas its psychological symptoms include mood disturbances, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability. While its diagnosis is based on patients' history, symptoms, and physical examination, its treatment aims to improve the QOL through the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives, and/or the use of non-pharmacological aids (e.g., topical heat application and exercise). Patients must be monitored to measure their response to treatment, assess their adherence, observe potential side effects, and perform further investigations, if needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.