ReviewMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2022
Galectins: An Ancient Family of Carbohydrate Binding Proteins with Modern Functions.
Review in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Galectin Levels and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Structural and Biophysical Characterization of C-Glycosylic 1,2-Thiodisaccharides Reveals Determinants of Selective Binding to Galectin-7 and Galectin-8N.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Insights into Reproductive Immunology and Placental Pathology, 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Glycobiology-driven therapeutic targeting of glycan-binding proteins: mechanisms, diseases, and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance and Innovative Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Abnormal Galectin Signaling in the Pathomechanisms of Placental Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Galectin-3 as a Biomarker in the Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Pathology Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Maternal and placental galectins: key players in the feto-maternal symbiotic tango.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review on the Multifaceted Roles of Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions DuringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Binding free energy analysis of galectin-3 natural ligands and synthetic inhibitors.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Melanoma Glycome Regulates the Pro-Oncogenic Properties of Extracellular Galectin-3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Structural Insights Into Galectin-3 Recognition of a Selenoglycomimetic.ChemMedChem · 2025Article
- Autophagy-independent role of ATG9A vesicles as carriers for galectin-9 secretion.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The sweet and the bitter sides of galectin-1 in immunity: its role in immune cell functions, apoptosis, and immunotherapies for cancer with a focus on T cells.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- CD6 in Human Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Evolution and function of galectins inBBA advances · 2025Article
- Glycosylation in Cancer.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2025Review
- Involvement ofBiomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectins are a large family of carbohydrate binding proteins with members in nearly every lineage of multicellular life. Through tandem and en-mass genome duplications, over 15 known vertebrate galectins likely evolved from a single common ancestor extant in pre-chordate lineages. While galectins have divergently evolved numerous functions, some of which do not involve carbohydrate recognition, the vast majority of the galectins have retained the conserved ability to bind variably modified polylactosamine (polyLacNAc) residues on glycans that modify proteins and lipids on the surface of host cells and pathogens. In addition to their direct role in microbial killing, many proposed galectin functions in the immune system and cancer involve crosslinking glycosylated receptors and modifying signaling pathways or sensitivity to antigen from the outside in. However, a large body of work has uncovered intracellular galectin functions mediated by carbohydrate- and non-carbohydrate-dependent interactions. In the cytoplasm, galectins can tune intracellular kinase and G-protein-coupled signaling cascades important for nutrient sensing, cell cycle progression, and transformation. Particularly, but interconnected pathways, cytoplasmic galectins serve the innate immune system as sensors of endolysosomal damage, recruiting and assembling the components of autophagosomes during intracellular infection through carbohydrate-dependent and -independent activities. In the nucleus, galectins participate in pre-mRNA splicing perhaps through interactions with non-coding RNAs required for assembly of spliceosomes. Together, studies of galectin function paint a picture of a functionally dynamic protein family recruited during eons of evolution to regulate numerous essential cellular processes in the context of multicellular life.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.