ArticlePloS one2022
Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease with associated risk factors among medical students at Chiang Mai University due to increased screen time and stress during COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Association between dry eye disease and depression: An umbrella review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of optometryPooled it
- Trial
- A scoping review of integrated blink analysis technologies for ocular surface diseases.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Helenalin: a multifaceted sesquiterpene lactone with diverse biological activities-an integrative pharmacological and computational evidence.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Global Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- β-Adrenergic Signaling Contributes to Circadian and Lipid Dysregulation in Meibomian Glands During Chronic Psychological Stress.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Digital Eye Strain and Perceived Academic Burden Among Syrian Medical Students: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Symptom Burden and Associated Factors.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- Patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward dry eye disease management.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Stress-Induced Disruption of Circadian and Neuroimmune Networks in Lacrimal Glands Drives Dry Eye Pathogenesis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Multifactorial analysis of dry eye syndrome: insights from Schirmer's test, VDT exposure, and tear film stability.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Symptomatic dry eye disease and associated factors among postgraduate students at Hawassa University, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Visual Functioning and Mental Health in the Digital Age.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Prevalence of dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among students at Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms, associated factors and impact on quality of life among medical students during the pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Real or MADE-up: Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) as an emerging syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Enhancing Ocular Surface in Dry Eye Disease Patients: A Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Formulation Containing Sesquiterpene Lactone Helenalin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ophthalmological disorders, resulting from several systemic and ocular etiologies including meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students are among the high-risk group for DED, mainly due to the increasing use of a visual display terminal (VDT) for online lectures and psychological stress from encountering several changes. Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of DED using the symptom-based definition and potential risk factors in medical students. This is a prospective cross-sectional study that included medical students at Chiang Mai University between November 2020 and January 2021. All participants were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, the Thai version of the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale-10 (T-PSS-10), the LipiView® II interferometer, and an interview for other possible risk factors. Overall, 528 participants were included in the study; half of the participants were female. The prevalence of DED was 70.8%. In the univariate analysis, female sex, contact lens wear, and T-PSS-10 stress scores were significantly higher in the DED group (P = 0.002, 0.002, and <0.001, respectively). Moreover, participants with severe DED were likely to have higher meibomian gland tortuosity but not statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis, contact lens use and T-PSS-10 score were significant risk factors associated with the severity of DED. In conclusions, the prevalence of DED in medical students was as high as 70.8%. Contact lens use and psychological stress evaluated using the T-PSS-10 questionnaire had a significant correlation with a risk of DED. Female gender and duration of VDT use were also associated. Most of the risk factors were modifiable and may be used as initial management in patients with DED.
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