ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2022
Multiple Routes of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The rationale for the treatment of long-Covid symptoms - A cardiologist's view.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement and its research progress in animal coronaviruses.Veterinary research · 2026Review
- Functional Antibody-Dependent Enhancement as an Immune Assessment Platform: Development, Standardization, and Translational Interpretation in Flavivirus Research.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Long COVID: a review of mechanisms and treatment modalities.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Retrospective neutralization analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants in early pandemic sera.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Possess Autoimmune Properties.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of variants and vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Low Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Viral Entry Activity Supports the Safety of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function and comparative SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG antibody response among the COVID-19 recovered group.PloS one · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Neutralizing and enhancing monoclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients: lessons from early variant infection and impact on shaping emerging variants.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Parameter identifiability of a within-host SARS-CoV-2 epidemic model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Strategies of rational and structure-driven vaccine design for Arenaviruses.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Enhanced Assessment of Cross-Reactive Antigenic Determinants within the Spike Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- SLC38A9 regulates SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.iScience · 2024Article
- Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Review
- Passive antibody therapy in emerging infectious diseases.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Review
- The interplay between previous infection and mental health condition on antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection is generally known for many viruses. A potential risk of ADE in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has also been discussed since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, clinical evidence of the presence of antibodies with ADE potential is limited. Here, we show that ADE antibodies are produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ADE process can be mediated by at least two different host factors, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and complement component C1q. Of 89 serum samples collected from acute or convalescent COVID-19 patients, 62.9% were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG. FcγR- and/or C1q-mediated ADE were detected in 50% of the IgG-positive sera, whereas most of them showed neutralizing activity in the absence of FcγR and C1q. Importantly, ADE antibodies were found in 41.4% of the acute COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing activity was also detected in most of the IgG-positive sera, but it was counteracted by ADE in subneutralizing conditions in the presence of FcγR or C1q. Although the clinical importance of ADE needs to be further investigated with larger numbers of COVID-19 patient samples, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes multiple mechanisms of ADE. C1q-mediated ADE may particularly have a clinical impact since C1q is present at high concentrations in plasma and its receptors are ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces of many types of cells, including respiratory epithelial cells, which SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.