SynthesisBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2022
Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is associated with increased risk for complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Synthesis in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- FIGO guideline on liver disease and pregnancy.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Guideline
- Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is associated with increased risk for complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Pooled it
- Pregnancy in Liver Cirrhosis: A Rare Clinical Case and Review of Current Management Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The diagnosis and management of portal hypertension in cirrhosis: The Gastroenterological Society of Australia consensus.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Impact of Liver Cirrhosis on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Preexisting Liver Disease and Pregnancy: Optimizing Care to Optimize Outcomes.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Prognostic significance of liver affliction in pregnancy related acute kidney injury in an Egyptian cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Liver Cirrhosis: A National Prospective Cohort Study Using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Early plasma exchange and continuous renal replacement therapy improve puerperal prognosis in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure in pregnancy.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Article
- Acute kidney injury in pregnant women with decompensated liver cirrhosis, an uncommon but dangerous condition: a lesson for the clinical nephrologist.Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by cirrhosis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Investigating gastrointestinal disorders in pregnancy.Obstetric medicine · 2024Review
- Hepatic encephalopathy precipitated by preeclampsia in the setting of cirrhosis: A case report.Case reports in women's health · 2024Article
- Cirrhosis in pregnancy.Clinical liver disease · 2023Article
- Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obstetric medicine · 2023Article
- Pregnancy Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Decompensation, Transplant, or Death in Compensated Cirrhosis.International journal of hepatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy and liver cirrhosis is a rare but increasing combination. Liver cirrhosis can raise the chance of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, although the exact risks remain unclear.
objectiveTo provide a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on maternal, fetal and obstetric complications among pregnant women with liver cirrhosis. SEARCH STRATEGY: We performed a systematic literature search in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE (Ovid) from inception through 25 January 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies including pregnancies with liver cirrhosis and controls were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently evaluated study eligibility. We used the random effects model for meta-analysis. MAIN
resultsOur search yielded 3118 unique papers. We included 11 studies, including 2912 pregnancies in women with cirrhosis from 1982-2020. Seven studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The overall maternal mortality rate was 0.89%. Maternal mortality and variceal haemorrhage were lower in recent than in older studies. Most cases of maternal mortality due to variceal haemorrhage (70%) occurred during vaginal delivery. Pregnant women with liver cirrhosis had a higher chance of preterm delivery (OR 6.7, 95% CI 5.1-9.1), caesarean section (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-3.9), pre-eclampsia (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.2-6.5) and small-for-gestational-age neonates (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-4.2) compared with the general obstetric population. Subgroup analyses could not be conducted.
conclusionsLiver cirrhosis in pregnant women is associated with increases in maternal mortality and obstetric and fetal complications. Large international prospective studies are needed to identify risk factors for unfavourable outcome. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Systematic review and meta-analysis: higher risks that pregnant women with liver cirrhosis face are quantified.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.