ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
Post‑COVID‑19 Syndrome in Outpatients: a Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychological and Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Oral Manifestations in the Post COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of long covid in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk of long COVID main symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of fluvoxamine on preventing neuropsychiatric symptoms of post COVID syndrome in mild to moderate patients, a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue in post-COVID and post-vaccination syndrome: a large-scale cross-sectional study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Post-COVID syndrome in symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Variability in Long COVID Definitions and Validation of Published Prevalence Rates.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Post COVID-19 among young adults- prevalence and associations with general health, stress, and lifestyle factors.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome as Described by Patients: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Long COVID symptoms in the COVID unit of the emergency Department of Abderrahmen Mami Hospital in Tunisia: prevalence, main symptoms, and associated factors.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- A systematic analysis of neurologic manifestations of Long COVID in Nigeria.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Challenges in Receiving Care for Long COVID: A Qualitative Interview Study Among Primary Care Patients About Expectations and Experiences.Annals of family medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of pre-existing conditions on the severity of post-COVID syndrome among workers in healthcare and social services in Germany.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Does sex modify the effect of pre-pandemic body mass index on the risk of Long COVID? Evidence from the longitudinal analysis of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter mild COVID-19, some outpatients experience persistent symptoms. However, data are scarce and prospective studies are urgently needed.
objectivesTo characterize the post-COVID-19 syndrome after mild COVID-19 and identify predictors.
participantsOutpatients with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 with (1) PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (COVID-positive) or (2) SARS-CoV-2 negative PCR (COVID-negative).
designMonocentric cohort study with prospective phone interview between more than 3 months to 10 months after initial visit to the emergency department and outpatient clinics. MAIN MEASURES: Data of the initial visits were extracted from the electronic medical file. Predefined persistent symptoms were assessed through a structured phone interview. Associations between long-term symptoms and PCR results, as well as predictors of persistent symptoms among COVID-positive, were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, smoking, comorbidities, and timing of the survey. KEY
resultsThe study population consisted of 418 COVID-positive and 89 COVID-negative patients, mostly young adults (median age of 41 versus 36 years in COVID-positive and COVID-negative, respectively; p = 0.020) and healthcare workers (67% versus 82%; p = 0.006). Median time between the initial visit and the phone survey was 150 days in COVID-positive and 242 days in COVID-negative patients. Persistent symptoms were reported by 223 (53%) COVID-positive and 33 (37%) COVID-negative patients (p = 0.006) and proportions were stable among the periods of the phone interviews. Overall, 21% COVID-positive and 15% COVID-negative patients (p = 0.182) attended care for this purpose. Four surveyed symptoms were independently associated with COVID-19: fatigue (adjusted odds ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.04-4.41), smell/taste disorder (26.5, 3.46-202), dyspnea (2.81, 1.10-7.16), and memory impairment (5.71, 1.53-21.3). Among COVID-positive, female gender (1.67, 1.09-2.56) and overweight/obesity (1.67, 1.10-2.56) were predictors of persistent symptoms.
conclusionsMore than half of COVID-positive outpatients report persistent symptoms up to 10 months after a mild disease. Only 4 of 14 symptoms were associated with COVID-19 status. The symptoms and predictors of the post-COVID-19 syndrome need further characterization as this condition places a significant burden on society.
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