SynthesisThe pharmacogenomics journal2022
A systematic review on the cost effectiveness of pharmacogenomics in developing countries: implementation challenges.
Synthesis in The pharmacogenomics journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of pharmacogenomic-guided versus unguided antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder: new insights from subgroup and cumulative meta-analyses.BMJ mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacogenomic-guided opioid therapy for pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Pooled it
- Precision medicine in low-income settings and small island developing states.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Article
- Actionable Pharmacogenomics and Essential Medicines: An Analysis of WHO and African Lists for Safer and Efficacious Drug Use.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Cost-effectiveness of genotype-guided acenocoumarol therapy in atrial fibrillation: a pharmacogenomic simulation study in the chilean population.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- The critical need to implement pharmacogenomics in public health services: Mexico in the global picture.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Unlocking Performance: Pharmacogenomic Insights for Athletes.Sports medicine international open · 2026Review
- Model-based clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing and its potential population impact on the use of essential medicines in Zimbabwe.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Revealing the Future of Pharmacovigilance in Precision Pharmaceutical Monitoring.Current drug safety · 2026Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacogenomics-Guided Treatment in Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Promoting advanced medical services in the framework of 3PM-a proof-of-concept by the "Centro" Region of Portugal.The EPMA journal · 2024Review
- Allele and genotype frequencies of variants in P450 cytochromes, transports, and DNA repair enzymes in the Dominican Republic population.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Advancing pharmacogenomics research: automated extraction of insights from PubMed using SpaCy NLP framework.Pharmacogenomics · 2024Article
- Measurement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity by a simplified Geneva cocktail approach in a cohort of free-living individuals: a pilot study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- An updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular precision medicine - A pharmacogenomic perspective.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The major challenges that delay the implementation of pharmacogenomics based clinical practice in the developing countries, primarily the low- and middle-income countries need to be recognized. This review was conducted to systematically review evidence of the cost-effectiveness for the conduct of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries. Studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries as defined by the United Nations were included in this study. Twenty-seven articles met the criteria. Pharmacogenomics effectiveness were evaluated for drugs used in the treatment of cancers, cardiovascular diseases and severe cutaneous adverse reactions in gout and epilepsy. Most studies had reported pharmacogenomics testing to be cost-effective (cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and tuberculosis) and economic models were evaluated from multiple perspectives, different cost categories and time horizons. Additionally, most studies used a single gene, rather than a gene panel for the pharmacogenomics testing. Genotyping cost and frequency of risk alleles in the populations influence the cost-effectiveness outcome. Further studies are warranted to examine the clinical and economic validity of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.