Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35317960›Full record

ArticleJournal of substance abuse treatment2022

Do number of smoking friends and changes over time predict smoking relapse? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey.

Yijie Zhao, Hua-Hie Yong, Ron Borland, K Michael Cummings, James F Thrasher, Sara C Hitchman, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Geoffrey T Fong

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Yijie ZhaoSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Electronic address: zhaoyiji@deakin.edu.au.
Hua-Hie YongSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Electronic address: hua.yong@deakin.edu.au.
Ron BorlandMelbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: rborland@unimelb.edu.au.
K Michael CummingsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Electronic address: cummingk@musc.edu.
James F ThrasherDepartment of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Electronic address: thrasher@mailbox.sc.edu.
Sara C HitchmanDepartment of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: sara.hitchman@uzh.ch.
Maansi Bansal-TraversDepartment of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Electronic address: maansi.travers@roswellpark.org.
Geoffrey T FongSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada. Electronic address: geoffrey.fong@uwaterloo.ca.
Deakin University · AUMedical University of South Carolina · USRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center · USUniversity of Melbourne · AUUniversity of South Carolina · USUniversity of Waterloo · CAUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

Vaporized Nicotine Product Initiation Among Youth in the US, Canada, and England: Methods to Predict Uptake and Policy EfficacyP01CA200512 · NCI · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI FONG, GEOFFREY T · 2016 to 2025
$25.3M
Variation in Cigarettes, Tobacco use Behaviors and Exposures in ITC CountriesP01CA138389 · NCI · ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE CORP · PI FONG, GEOFFREY T · 2009 to 2013
$13.4M
International Tobacco Policy SurveyR01CA100362 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO · PI FONG, GEOFFREY T · 2005 to 2013
$4.7M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA138389NCI NIH HHS P01 CA200512NCI NIH HHS R01 CA100362
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPast research indicates that smokers with a large number of smoking friends within their social network are less interested in quitting, less likely to attempt to quit, and less likely to successfully quit. The extent to which a pro-smoking social network may increase relapse risk among ex-smokers is unclear. This study investigated among ex-smokers whether the number of close friends who smoke and changes in this number influence relapse risk.

methodsThe study was a prospective cohort study of 551 adults who participated in the Australian and UK arms of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) project and were ex-smokers at wave 9 (2013) and followed up to wave 10 (2014). Logistic models regressed smoking relapse at follow-up on the baseline number of their five closest friends who smoked and changes in this number over time.

resultsEx-smokers who reported having 4 or 5 smokers among their five closest friends were more likely to relapse than those who had no smokers among their five closest friends (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48-15.99, p = .009). Ex-smokers who gained smoking friends over time, but not those who lost smoking friends, were also more likely to relapse compared to those with the same number of smoking friends over time (AOR = 4.52, 95% CI = 2.15-9.52, p < .001; AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.49-2.36, p = .848, respectively).

conclusionsThis study demonstrated that relapse risk was elevated among ex-smokers who had more smokers among their close friends and also among those where the number of smokers in their social network increased over time.

Indexed as

FriendsSmokingSmoking CessationAdultAustraliaChronic DiseaseHumansProspective StudiesRecurrenceEx-smokersSmoking friendsSmoking relapseSocial network

Identifiers

PMID35317960
PMCPMC9167709
OpenAlexW4220733167

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.