Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35317651›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2022

Early exclusion leads to cyclical cooperation in repeated group interactions.

Linjie Liu, Zhilong Xiao, Xiaojie Chen, Attila Szolnoki

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Evolution of trust in theJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
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  3. Article
  4. Article
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  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Linjie LiuCollege of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0003-0286-8885
Zhilong XiaoSchool of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China.
Xiaojie ChenSchool of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-9129-2197
Attila SzolnokiInstitute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, PO Box 49, Budapest 1525, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-0907-0406

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Explaining the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among selfish individuals from an evolutionary perspective remains a grand challenge in biology, economy and social sciences. Social exclusion is believed to be an answer to this conundrum. However, previously related studies often assume one-shot interactions and ignore how free-riding is identified, which seem to be too idealistic. In this work, we consider repeated interactions where excluders need to pay a monitoring cost to identify free-riders for exclusion and free-riders cannot participate in the following possible game interactions once they are identified and excluded by excluders in the repeated interaction process. We reveal that the introduction of such exclusion can prevent the breakdown of cooperation in repeated group interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that an evolutionary oscillation among cooperators, defectors and excluders can appear in infinitely large populations when early exclusion is implemented. In addition, we find that the population spends most of the time in states where cooperators dominate for early exclusion when stochastic mutation-selection is considered in finite populations. Our results highlight that early exclusion is successful in solving the mentioned enigma of cooperation in repeated group interactions.

Indexed as

Cooperative BehaviorGame TheoryBiological EvolutionHumansPopulation Dynamicscooperationevolutionary game theorypublic goods gamessocial dilemmasocial exclusion

Identifiers

PMID35317651
PMCPMC8941418

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.