ArticleCell host & microbe2022
Phages and their satellites encode hotspots of antiviral systems.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers.
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Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 335 citations in OpenAlex.
- How bacterial immune systems sense phage infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
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- Shuttling, swapping, and mixing: the rapid modular evolution of antiviral repertoires in temperate phages and their satellites.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
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- RNase-mediated defence and its association with SCCmec in Staphylococcus aureus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- From hijackers to architects: the role of prophages in bacterial genome evolution.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- KEGG-Based Functional Signatures Complement Taxonomic Profiles Associated with Spontaneous Decolonisation of Carbapenem-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A UG5 reverse transcriptase-nitrilase antiviral module confers phage immunity in the plant symbiontMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Phage terminase recognition by the bacterial immune sensors Avs2 and Upx.Nature communications · 2026Article
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- Phage host range: determinants, dynamics and applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
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- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of defense systems in mobile genetic elements: Cui bono?Research square · 2026Article
- Biochemical Characterization of LsGajA: A Key Nuclease for Gabija Defense in Lactic Acid Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Synthetically designed anti-defense proteins overcome barriers to bacterial transformation and phage infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- WGS reveals high-risk clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbouring extensive antimicrobial and predicted anti-phage defense systems recovered from diabetic foot ulcer patients in Egypt.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Characterisation and In Planta Activity of Bacteriophages That Infect the Key Bacterial Species Associated With Acute Oak Decline.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of defense systems in mobile genetic elements: Cui bono?bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization and comparative analysis of a new Tequatrovirus phage infecting Escherichia coli ST131.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Nested mobile genetic elements mediating antimicrobial resistance genes mobility within and betweeniScience · 2026Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteria carry diverse genetic systems to defend against viral infection, some of which are found within prophages where they inhibit competing viruses. Phage satellites pose additional pressures on phages by hijacking key viral elements to their own benefit. Here, we show that E. coli P2-like phages and their parasitic P4-like satellites carry hotspots of genetic variation containing reservoirs of anti-phage systems. We validate the activity of diverse systems and describe PARIS, an abortive infection system triggered by a phage-encoded anti-restriction protein. Antiviral hotspots participate in inter-viral competition and shape dynamics between the bacterial host, P2-like phages, and P4-like satellites. Notably, the anti-phage activity of satellites can benefit the helper phage during competition with virulent phages, turning a parasitic relationship into a mutualistic one. Anti-phage hotspots are present across distant species and constitute a substantial source of systems that participate in the competition between mobile genetic elements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.