Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35314498›Full record

ArticleNeurology2022

Association of Education and Intracranial Volume With Cognitive Trajectories and Mortality Rates Across the Alzheimer Disease Continuum.

Anna C van Loenhoud, Colin Groot, Diana I Bocancea, Frederik Barkhof, Charlotte Teunissen, Philip Scheltens, Wiesje M van de Flier, Rik Ossenkoppele

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Superficial white matter and gray matter jointly support cognition among older adults in India.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
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  9. Survival rates in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2025
    Article
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  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Toward digitally screening and profiling AD: A GAMLSS approach of MemTrax in China.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Anna C van LoenhoudFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.
Colin GrootFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.
Diana I BocanceaFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.
Frederik BarkhofFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3543-3706
Charlotte TeunissenFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-4061-0837
Philip ScheltensFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1046-6408
Wiesje M van de FlierFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-8766-6224
Rik OssenkoppeleFrom the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology (A.C.v.L., C.G., D.I.B., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.T.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.M.v.d.F.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, UK; and Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University (R.O.), Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1584-7477

Funding

Department of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate relationships of education and intracranial volume (ICV) (factors related to cognitive and brain reserve, respectively) with cognitive trajectories and mortality in individuals with biomarker-defined Alzheimer disease (AD).

methodsWe selected 1,298 β-amyloid-positive memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 142), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 274), or AD dementia (n = 882) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. All participants underwent baseline MRI and neuropsychological assessment, and 68% received cognitive follow-up (median 2.3 years, interquartile range 2.4). Mortality data were collected from the Central Public Administration. In the total sample and stratified by disease stage (i.e., SCD/MCI vs dementia), we examined education and ICV as predictors of baseline and longitudinal cognitive performance on 5 cognitive domains (memory, attention, executive, language, and visuospatial functions; linear mixed models) and time to death (Cox proportional hazard models). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, whole brain gray matter atrophy, and MRI field strength.

resultsEducation and ICV showed consistent positive associations with baseline cognition across disease stages. Longitudinally, we observed a relationship between higher education and faster cognitive decline among patients with dementia on global cognition, memory, executive function, and language (range β = -0.06 to -0.13; all DISCUSSION: In this β-amyloid-positive memory clinic sample, both cognitive and brain reserve were positively associated with baseline cognition, whereas only education was related to longitudinal cognition (i.e., accelerated decline among more highly educated patients with dementia). Higher education and ICV both moderately attenuated overall mortality risk in AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionAmyloid beta-PeptidesCognitionDisease ProgressionHumansNeuropsychological TestsAmyloid beta-Peptides

Identifiers

PMID35314498
PMCPMC9052567

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