ArticlePorcine health management2022
Urinary metabolomics reveals the biological characteristics of early pregnancy in pigs.
Article in Porcine health management, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Saliva and plasma metabolome analysis during the five days before foaling in the mare.PloS one · 2026Article
- Screening and functional verification of potential metabolites for high fertility in sows.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Uterine histotroph and conceptus development. IV. Metabolomic analyses of uterine luminal fluid reveals regulatory landscapes during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in pigs†.Biology of reproduction · 2025Article
- Biochemical Characteristics of Urine Metabolomics in Female Giant Pandas at Different Estrous Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Biological characteristics of pregnancy in captive Yangtze finless porpoises revealed by urinary metabolomics†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEmbryo implantation in sows is an important event during pregnancy. During this process, blastocysts undergo dramatic morphologic changes, and the endometrium becomes receptive. Studies have shown that developmental changes associated with the crosstalk between peri-implantation embryos and embryo-uterine are driven by various biomolecules secreted by the endometrium and embryos. In sows, changes in the uterus are also reflected in circulating body fluids and urine. Metabolomics reveals the metabolic state of cells, tissues, and organisms. In this study, we collected urine samples from large white sows during the peri-implantation period. The levels of urinary metabolites at different periods were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis techniques.
resultsA total of 32 samples were collected from 8 sows during the estrus period and at each phase of early pregnancy (9, 12, and 15 days of gestation). A total of 530 metabolites were identified with high confidence in all samples. Compared with samples collected during the estrus phase, 269 differential metabolites were found in samples obtained during early pregnancy.
conclusionsThe identified metabolites included lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, organoheterocyclic compounds, benzenoids, among others. Metabolites, such as choline and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, play important roles in pregnancy in sows and other animals. These results reveal the metabolic changes in urine of sows during early pregnancy phase. The differential urinary metabolites can be used for assessing peri-implantation status in sows. Understanding these metabolic changes may promote the management of pregnant sows through various interventions such as provision of proper nutrition.
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