SynthesisBMC women's health2022
Discontinuation rates of intrauterine contraception due to unfavourable bleeding: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postpartum Intrauterine Device Removal and Access to Removal in the 18 Months Following an Intervention in Tanzania, Sri Lanka, and Nepal.Studies in family planning · 2026Trial
- Approach to sport-savvy contraceptive counselling for athletes.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Review
- Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Experiences and Learnings From Patient Survey.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Hormonal Contraceptive Formulations and Breast Cancer Risk in Adolescents and Premenopausal Women.JAMA oncology · 2025Article
- Understanding women's preferences for long-acting reversible contraceptives in Gondar, Ethiopia: a discrete choice experiment.Health economics review · 2025Article
- Intrauterine Devices: Take Up and Discontinuation in a Time of Change.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of conservative treatment for adenomyosis using traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Understanding Discontinuation Rates and Acceptance of the Low-Dose Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System in Spain: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bleeding Patterns and Influencing Factors.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Perceptions of women and their partners on postabortion intrauterine contraception: A qualitative study in central Uganda.PloS one · 2025Article
- Contraceptives Association with Vaginal Microbiome and RTI: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Females of Jammu and Kashmir, India.Indian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Continuation of Reversible Contraception Following Enrollment in the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) in Puerto Rico, 2016-2020.Studies in family planning · 2024Article
- Early discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptives methods and its associated factors in Hosanna town, central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The use of LNG-IUS-19.5 mg in daily gynecological routine practice in Germany: data from the Kyleena™ Satisfaction Study (KYSS).Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Observational
- Is there a difference in the clinical profile and outcome of women using levonorgestrel IUD for abnormal uterine bleeding and those using it for contraception?: A comparative cross-sectional study.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Descriptive study of the real-world, long-term cost estimates and duration of use for hormonal and nonhormonal intrauterine devices using US commercial insurance claims.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
- Long-acting family planning switching and associated factors among revisit women in Toke Kutaye district of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region public health facilities, Ethiopia: a mixed methods study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Dienogest versus Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Adenomyosis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLevonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUDs) and copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) offer long-acting contraception; however, some women may discontinue use within the first year due to bleeding pattern changes, limiting their potential. This systematic literature review investigated whether differences in bleeding profiles influence continuation rates in women in America, Europe and Australia.
methodsSearches performed in PubMed and Embase were screened to identify publications describing bleeding patterns and rates of early IUC removal/discontinuation or continuation, descriptions of bleeding patterns, reasons for discontinuation, and patient satisfaction, acceptability and tolerability for LNG-IUDs and Cu-IUDs published between January 2010 and December 2019. The results were further restricted to capture citations related to 'Humans' and 'Females'. The review was limited to studies published from 2010 onwards, as changing attitudes over time mean that results of studies performed before this date may not be generalizable to current practice.
resultsForty-eight publications describing 41 studies performed principally in the USA (n = 17) and Europe (n = 13) were identified. Publications describing bleeding patterns in LNG-IUD users (n = 11) consistently observed a reduction in bleeding in most women, whereas two of three studies in Cu-IUD users reported heavy bleeding in approximately 40% of patients. Rates of discontinuation for both devices ranged widely and may be as high as 50% but were lower for LNG-IUDs versus Cu-IUDs. Discontinuation rates due to bleeding were consistently higher for Cu-IUDs versus LNG-IUDs.
conclusionsBleeding is a common reason for discontinuation of Cu-IUDs and LNG-IUDs. The more favourable bleeding pattern observed in LNG-IUD users may be associated with a lower rate of early discontinuation of LNG-IUDs versus Cu-IUDs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.