ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2022
Violations of International Code of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes as national laws: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Monitoring and enforcement of Code-based legal measures to protect breastfeeding in South Asia: opportunities and bottlenecks.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Research on commercial milk formulas for young children: A scoping review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Commercial milk formula marketing following increased restrictions in Singapore: A qualitative study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Plastic pollution: how can the global health community fight the growing problem?BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Law matters - assessment of country-level code implementation and sales of breastmilk substitutes in South Asia.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Effect of baby food marketing exposure on infant and young child feeding regimes in Bangkok, Thailand.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- Violations of International Code of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- What will it take to increase breastfeeding?Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) instituted to protect breastfeeding against unethical marketing, has been adopted by many countries, including Bangladesh. Despite national adoption, evidence suggests violations occur and inadequate BMS Code implementation is an issue. The study aimed to assess violations of the International BMS Code and the national 'Breast-milk Substitutes, Infant Foods, Commercially Manufactured Complementary Foods and the Accessories Thereof (Regulation of Marketing) Act, 2013' of Bangladesh in commercial settings (retail outlets and media) in Bangladesh, for different types of milk, bottles, and teats using a standardized Network for Global Monitoring and Support for Implementation of the Code and Subsequent relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions (NetCode) protocol. This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Bangladesh from January to September 2018 in Dhaka, Chattogram, and Sylhet cities. Descriptive statistics were reported and χ
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.