SynthesisSexual and reproductive health matters2021
Self-administration of gender-affirming hormones: a systematic review of effectiveness, cost, and values and preferences of end-users and health workers.
Synthesis in Sexual and reproductive health matters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sociodemographic and Mental Health Characteristics of Adults with Different Gender Trajectories.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Provision of gender-affirming hormones for trans and gender-diverse adults: a systematic review of health and quality of life outcomes, values and preferences, and costs.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Provision of gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse adults: a systematic review of health and quality of life outcomes, values and preferences, and costs.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of the care experience during medical transition for transgender and gender diverse people in France: results from the PREMIUM study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A qualitative study on experience of women regarding hormone replacement therapy in a teaching institution at Bhubaneswar, Odisha.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- What a boy wants: Transgender men's hidden tran/scripts about the nonprescription use of gender-affirming hormones in mainland China.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Article
- Adaptation of a Theory-Based Mobile App to Improve Access to HIV Prevention Services for Transgender Women in Malaysia: Focus Group Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Bodies of desire: use of nonprescribed hormones among transgender women and travestis in five Brazilian capitals (2019-2021).Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Community-based HIV prevention services for transgender people in Ukraine: current situation and potential for improvement.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Integrating transgender care into mainstream medicine-an essay by Guy T'Sjoen and Joz Motmans.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Article
- Centring rights-based access to self-care interventions.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2021Article
- Self-injection experiences among transgender people on injectable gender-affirming hormone therapy: A narrative review.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Self-administration of quality gender-affirming hormones is one approach to expanding access to hormone therapy for individuals seeking secondary sex characteristics more aligned with their gender identity or expression and can be empowering when provided within safe, supportive health systems. To inform World Health Organization guidelines on self-care interventions, we systematically reviewed the evidence for self-administration compared to health worker-administration of gender-affirming hormones. We conducted a comprehensive search for peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts that addressed effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost considerations. Data were extracted in duplicate using standardised forms. Of 3792 unique references, five values and preferences articles were included; no studies met the criteria for the effectiveness or cost reviews. All values and preferences studies focused on self-administration of unprescribed hormones, not prescribed hormones within a supportive health system. Four studies from the U.S. (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.