ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2022
Irremediable Psychiatric Suffering in The Context of Medical Assistance in Dying: A Delphi-Study.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Survey of Canadian Psychiatrists' Attitudes Towards Palliative Care Approaches for Severe and Persistent Mental Illness: Enquête sur les attitudes des psychiatres canadiens à l'égard des approches de soins palliatifs pour les troubles mentaux graves et persistants.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Article
- Understanding death wishes in later life: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a systematic review of best practice in anticipation of MAiD MD-SUMC.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2025Article
- Medical Assistance in Dying for Mental Illness as a Sole Underlying Medical Condition and Its Relationship to Suicide: A Qualitative Lived Experience-Engaged Study: Aide Médicale à Mourir Pour Maladie Mentale Comme Seule Condition Médicale Sous-Jacente et Son Lien Avec le Suicide: Une Etude Qualitative Engagée Dans l'Expérience Vécue.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2024Article
- Care considerations in medical assistance in dying for persons with mental illness as the sole underlying medical condition: a qualitative study of patient and family perspectives.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Euthanasia for unbearable suffering caused by a psychiatric disorder: improving the regulatory framework.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2024Article
- Walking Alongside: Views of Family Members on Medical Assistance in Dying for Mental Illness as the Sole Underlying Medical Condition.Qualitative health research · 2023Article
- Medical assistance in dying for people living with mental disorders: a qualitative thematic review.BMC medical ethics · 2023Review
- Eating disorders and palliative care specialists require definitional consensus and clinical guidance regarding terminal anorexia nervosa: addressing concerns and moving forward.Journal of eating disorders · 2022Article
- Investigating the relationship between euthanasia and/or assisted suicide and rates of non-assisted suicide: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2022Review
- Improving control over euthanasia of persons with psychiatric illness: Lessons from the first Belgian criminal court case concerning euthanasia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Physician Assisted Death for Psychiatric Suffering: Experiences in the Netherlands.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePatients with a psychiatric disorder are eligible to request medical assistance in dying (MAID) in a small but growing number of jurisdictions, including the Netherlands and Belgium. In Canada, MAID for mental illness will become possible in 2023. For this request to be granted, most of these jurisdictions demand that the patient is competent in her request, and that the suffering experienced is unbearable and irremediable. Especially the criterion of irremediability is challenging to establish in patients with psychiatric disorders. The aim of this research is to establish what criteria Dutch and Belgian experts agree to be necessary in characterising irremediable psychiatric suffering (IPS) in the context of MAID.
methodsA two-round Delphi procedure among psychiatrists with relevant experience.
resultsThirteen consensus criteria were established: five diagnostic and eight treatment-related criteria. Diagnostically, the participants deem a narrative description and attention to contextual and systemic factors necessary. Also, a mandatory second opinion is required. The criteria concerning treatment show that extensive biopsychosocial treatment is needed, and the suffering must be present for several years. Finally, in the case of refusal, the participants agree that there are limits to the number of diagnostic procedures or treatments a patient must undergo.
conclusionsConsensus was found among a Dutch and Belgian expert group on potential criteria for establishing IPS in the context of MAID. These criteria can be used in clinical decision-making and can inform future procedural demands and research.
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