ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2022
Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid Secretion Protects Bacillus subtilis from Zinc and Copper Intoxication.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- MeeY and YybP, two proteins regulated by manganese-sensing riboswitches, are required for Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Adverse Impact of Gamma-Polyglutamic Acid on the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cefiderocol and Nanosilver Against Gram-NegativePharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Protein Homeostasis Impairment Alters Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Biofilm Communities.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Plant growth-promotion triggered by extracellular polymer is associated with facilitation of bacterial cross-feeding networks of the rhizosphere.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Brown Algae as a Valuable Substrate for the Cost-Effective Production of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid for Applications in Cream Formulations.Polymers · 2024Article
- Exploring overlooked growth-promoting mechanisms by plant-associated bacteria.Sustainable microbiology · 2024Review
- A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate forFrontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zinc and copper are essential micronutrients that serve as a cofactors for numerous enzymes. However, when present at elevated concentrations, zinc and copper are highly toxic to bacteria. To combat the effects of zinc and copper excess, bacteria have evolved a wide array of defense mechanisms. Here, we show that the Gram-positive soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, produces the extracellular polymeric substance, poly-gamma-glutamate (γ-PGA) as a protective mechanism in response to zinc and copper excess. Furthermore, we provide evidence that zinc and copper dependent γ-PGA production is independent of the DegS-DegQ two-component regulatory system and likely occurs at a posttranscriptional level through the small protein, PgsE. These data provide new insight into bacterial metal resistance mechanisms and contribute to our understanding of the regulation of bacterial γ-PGA biosynthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.