SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2022
Determinants of Non-Participation in Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and multilevel factors associated with clinical breast examination uptake among women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of a pre-scheduled appointment on attendance in a population-based mammography screening programme.European journal of public health · 2023Trial
- Effect of invitation letter in language of origin on screening attendance: randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen Norway.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Trial
- Prostate Cancer Mortality in Men not Attending a Population-based Screening Program: The 'Good', the 'Bad', and the 'Ugly' After 20-yr Follow-up in the European Randomised study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.European urology open science · 2026Article
- Mailed faecal immunochemical test programmes and educational inequalities in colorectal cancer screening in Europe: a difference-in-differences analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Healthcare Utilization and Inequalities in Breast Cancer Early Detection Behaviors Among Women in Türkiye: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic variation in adherence to follow-up after an abnormal screening mammogram in the Danish breast cancer screening program.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of breast cancer screening across half a million invitations in Geneva, Switzerland.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Cause-specific mortality after a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ: Associations with screening and socio-economic status.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Cervical, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates Among Sexual and Gender Minority Women in Japan: Using a Nationwide Online Survey.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Understanding barriers to breast screening: an online survey of non-attenders as part of a service evaluation in the breast screening programme in England.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the profile of community health workers in breast cancer screening education: women's preferences and insights from a qualitative focus group study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- From barriers to participation: co-creating an effective reminder letter for breast cancer screening among underserved women in Flanders.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Downstream healthcare use following breast cancer screening: a register-based cohort study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- An umbrella review of socioeconomic status and cancer.Nature communications · 2024Review
- Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of outreach mammography before and after accessibility improvement of Taiwan's national universal breast cancer screening policy.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Non-participation in breast screening in Denmark: Sociodemographic determinants.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Differences in mammography screening attendance among non-Western immigrants in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) screening can be performed in a screening program (BCSP) or in opportunistic screening. The existing reviews on the determinants of non-participation depend on self-reported data which may be biased. Furthermore, no distinction was made between the probably different determinants of both screening strategies. Objective: To find the determinants of non-participation in BCSP by means of a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for observational studies which quantified factors associated with non-participation in BCSP in a general population. Studies on opportunistic screening and studies using self-reported data were excluded. A random-effect model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by stratification of the results. Results: Twenty-nine studies with in a total of 20,361,756 women were included. Low income (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.30), low education (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05-1.32), living far from an assigned screening unit (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.24), being immigrant (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 2.48-2.82), and having a male family doctor (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.20-1.61) was associated with higher non-participation in screening. Reminders sent to non-attenders and estimations of ORs (adjusted or not) partly explained substantial heterogeneity. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis excluding studies on the non-participation in opportunistic screening, or with self-reported data on non-participation, the well-known determinants for non-participation are still significant, but less strong. This analysis only supports the relevance of meta-analysis of studies with registered non-participation in a BCSP. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42020154016.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.