ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2022
Highly integrated watch for noninvasive continual glucose monitoring.
Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insufficient knowledge and moderate attitudes and practices regarding continuous glucose monitoring among patients with diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Summary of Cardiometabolic Disorders in the Maghreb: Insights from the 2025 Saclay Cardiometabolic Summit.Cardiology and therapy · 2026Review
- Challenges of Wearable Biosensors and Ways to Overcome Them.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Carbon Nanotube-Induced Enzyme Polymerization for Wearable Multifunctional Biosensors in Sweat Analysis.JACS Au · 2026Article
- pH calibration allows accurate glucose detection in interstitial fluid via reverse iontophoresis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A wearable enzyme sensor enabled by the floating-gate OECT with poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) as the catalytic layer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Advanced Healthcare Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Beyond Flexible: Unveiling the Next Era of Flexible Electronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Synergistic Strategies of Biomolecular Transport Technologies in Transdermal Healthcare Systems.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Update on Patient Self-Testing with Portable and Wearable Devices: Advantages and Limitations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A flexible glucose biosensor modified by reduced-swelling and conductive zwitterionic hydrogel enzyme membrane.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Innovative Material-Based Wearable Non-Invasive Electrochemical Sweat Sensors towards Biomedical Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Continuous glucose monitoring and intrapersonal variability in fasting glucose.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Wearable device for continuous sweat lactate monitoring in sports: a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Dipole moment as the underlying mechanism for enhancing the immobilization of glucose oxidase by ferrocene-chitosan for superior specificity non-invasive glucose sensing.Nanoscale advances · 2023Article
- Noninvasive Glucose Sensing In Vivo.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Role of Natural Antioxidant Products That Optimize Redox Status in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Dual quantum cascade lasers for noninvasive glucose detection using photoacoustic spectroscopy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article reports a highly integrated watch for noninvasive continual blood glucose monitoring. The watch employs a Nafion-coated flexible electrochemical sensor patch fixed on the watchband to obtain interstitial fluid (ISF) transdermally at the wrist. This reverse iontophoresis-based extraction method eliminates the pain and inconvenience that traditional fingerstick blood tests pose in diabetic patients' lives, making continual blood glucose monitoring practical and easy. All electronic modules, including a rechargeable power source and other modules for signal processing and wireless transmission, are integrated onto a watch face-sized printed circuit board (PCB), enabling comfortable wearing of this continual glucose monitor. Real-time blood glucose levels are displayed on the LED screen of the watch and can also be checked with the smartphone user interface. With 23 volunteers, the watch demonstrated 84.34% clinical accuracy in the Clarke error grid analysis (zones A + B). In the near future, commercial products could be developed based on this lab-made prototype to provide the public with noninvasive continual glucose monitoring.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.