ReviewDrugs in context2022
HIV: how to manage low-level viraemia in people living with HIV.
Review in Drugs in context, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of intensive adherence counselling in achieving an undetectable viral load among people on antiretroviral therapy with low-level viraemia in Uganda.HIV medicine · 2024Trial
- A cross-sectional study of viral load suppression among youth living with HIV in Namibia.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Low-Level Viremia Predicts Viral Failure in Participants on Antiretroviral Therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons With HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Observational
- Management of low-level HIV viremia during antiretroviral therapy: Delphi consensus statement and appraisal of the evidence.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Healthcare practitioners' experiences in managing HIV among young people in Namibia.Curationis · 2024Article
- Dynamics of Low-Level Viremia and Immune Activation after Switching to a Darunavir-Based Regimen.Viruses · 2024Observational
- Incidence of low-level viremia and its impact on virologic failure among people living with HIV who started an integrase strand transfer inhibitors: a longitudinal cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence and predictors of persistent low-level HIV viraemia: a retrospective cohort study among people receiving dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Southern Nigeria.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a goal of achieving and maintaining viral suppression; however, low-level viraemia (LLV) (HIV-RNA viral load levels of 50-999 copies/mL) persists in certain patients despite consistent medication adherence, lack of drug interactions and no genotypic resistance. This is a narrative review of the growing evidence of LLV in PLWH to determine risk factors and ART management strategies and to discuss the implications of LLV on the development of future virological failure. Methods: A systematic, comprehensive literature search was completed in the English language using PubMed, Google Scholar and bibliography review to gather information about LLV in PLWH between July 2014 and June 2021. The following keywords were used as search terms: "low-level viremia", "HIV", "viral blip", "intensification", "genotyping", "adherence" and "resistance." Results: Of 66 studies examined, 39 were analysed and included in this review. All trials included were published between 2014 and 2021. Eleven studies assessed risk factors for LLV. Identified risk factors were low CD4 Conclusion: This compilation of reviewed data gives a framework for the management of PLWH with LLV. Currently, there are no clear or definitive treatment directions for LLV provided in guidelines. Complicating this topic further is the unclear and varying definitions of LLV. Future research is needed on this topic but patients presenting with LLV should have their medication adherence assessed, drug interactions checked and ART intensified, where appropriate.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.