ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Comprehensive Analysis of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Landscape in Glioblastoma Reveals Tumor Heterogeneity and Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Drug Repurposing in Glioblastoma Using a Machine Learning-Based Hybrid Feature Selection Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Elevated Antigen-Presenting-Cell Signature Genes Predict Stemness and Metabolic Reprogramming States in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- SERPINA1 is a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy and drug targeting by pan-cancer analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The Complexity of Malignant Glioma Treatment.Cancers · 2025Review
- Exploring the Role of Immune Cells in Glioma: Causal Associations and Clinical Implications.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- An immune-related gene pair signature predicts the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in glioblastoma.Heliyon · 2024Article
- A cuproptosis-related gene expression signature predicting clinical prognosis and immune responses in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma detected by single-cell RNA sequence analysis.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Neuromedin U regulates the anti-tumor activity of CD8Cancer science · 2024Article
- Article
- Low muscle mass in lung cancer is associated with an inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Glioblastoma Molecular Classification Tool Based on mRNA Analysis: From Wet-Lab to Subtype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Integrated MRI-Immune-Genomic Features Enclose a Risk Stratification Model in Patients Affected by Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2022Article
- Immune landscape-based machine-learning-assisted subclassification, prognosis, and immunotherapy prediction for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- mFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor with no effective treatment. The specific GBM tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may contribute to resistance to immunotherapy, a tumor therapy with great potential. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for exploring biomarkers in GBM pathogenesis and immunotherapy. Methods: We estimated the relative abundances of 25 immune cell types in 796 GBM samples using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Unsupervised clustering was used to identify different GBM-associated TIME immune cell infiltration (GTMEI) patterns. The GTMEIscore system was constructed with principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the immune infiltration pattern of individual tumors. Results: We revealed three distinct GTMEI patterns with different clinical outcomes and modulated biological pathways. We developed a scoring system (GTMEIscore) to determine the immune infiltration pattern of individual tumors. We comprehensively analyzed the genomic characteristics, molecular subtypes and clinicopathological features as well as proteomic, phosphoproteomic, acetylomic, lipidomic and metabolomic properties associated with the GTMEIscore and revealed many novel dysregulated pathways and precise targets in GBM. Moreover, the GTMEIscore accurately quantified the immune status of many other cancer types. Clinically, the GTMEIscore was found to have significant potential therapeutic value for chemotherapy/radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and targeted therapy. Conclusions: For the first time, we employed a multilevel and multiplatform strategy to construct a multidimensional molecular map of tumors with different immune infiltration patterns. These results may provide theoretical basises for identifying more effective predictive biomarkers and developing more effective drug combination strategies or novel immunotherapeutic agents for GBM.
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