ReviewFrontiers in physiology2022
Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cerebral Oxygenation in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?Journal of sport and health science · 2023Pooled it
- The acute effect of two exercise modalities on neurocognitive responses in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial.Experimental physiology · 2026Trial
- Cardiovascular Exercise Improves Inhibitory Control in Sedentary Young Adults: A 12-wk Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2025Trial
- Effects of Baduanjin imagery and exercise on cognitive function in the elderly: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- From Fitness to Cognition: Machine-Learning Prediction of Cognitive Performance Using Physiological Parameters in Healthy Adults.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Direct Evidence for the Feedforward Neurovascular Coupling Mechanism in Humans During Task Onset: An EEG-fNIRS-TCD Multimodal Imaging Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health are associated with distinct cognitive domains in cognitively healthy older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cerebral oxygenation during submaximal and peak exercise for sedentary adults with and without down syndrome.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- The influence of cardiovascular fitness and ventilatory efficiency on fMRI assessed cerebrovascular reactivity in older adults.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- From hypoxic pockets to daily routines: linking brain oxygenation and cognitive resilience.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Moving beyond animal models: enriched environments and human substance use disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Could near infrared spectroscopy be the new weapon in our understanding of the cerebral and muscle microvascular oxygen demand during exercise?Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- The Influence of Preoperative Physical Activity on Intraoperative Brain Function in Cardiac Surgical patients.Research square · 2024Article
- Article
- Exercise-induced reductions in central command network cerebral blood flow assessed with arterial spin labeling MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Runners with better cardiorespiratory fitness had higher prefrontal cortex activity during both single and exercise-executive function dual tasks: an fNIRS study.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Functional/dissociative seizures as a neuroenergetic deficit syndrome: a brain economy failure hypothesis.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Barrier-environment interactions along the gut-brain axis and their influence on cognition and behaviour throughout the lifespan.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise is known to improve cognitive functioning and the cardiorespiratory hypothesis suggests that this is due to the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level and cerebral oxygenation. The purpose of this systematic review is to consolidate findings from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies that examined the effect of CRF level on cerebral oxygenation during exercise and cognitive tasks. Methods: Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Studies categorizing CRF level using direct or estimated measures of V̇O Results: Following PRISMA guidelines, 14 studies were retained following abstract and full-text screening. Cycle ergometer or treadmill tests were used as direct measures of CRF, and one study provided an estimated value using a questionnaire. Seven studies examined the effects of CRF on cerebral oxygenation during exercise and the remaining seven evaluated it during cognitive tasks. Increased [HbO Conclusion: Consistent with the cardiorespiratory hypothesis, higher fit young, middle-aged, and older adults demonstrated increased cerebral oxygenation compared to lower fit groups. Future research should implement randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that improve CRF and cerebral oxygenation longitudinally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.