ArticleFrontiers in physiology2022
Muscle Fatigue and Swimming Efficiency in Behind and Lateral Drafting.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of swimming intensity on performance in subsequent sprint triathlon: a sex-based analysis in amateur athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Open Water Swimming: Swimmers' Kinematical and Neuromuscular Characterisation in 5 km Swim.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Race Pace Using Critical Swimming Speed During 10 km Open-Water Swimming Competition.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The influence of tactical positioning on performance in world-championship freestyle swimming.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Metronome-guided training accelerates the adaptation to an aerobic training pace in swimming.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- EMG-assessed paratonia: A novel approach to investigating motor response inhibition in healthy subjects.PloS one · 2024Article
- Does Pool Performance of Elite Triathletes Predict Open-Water Performance?Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- What is the Most Important Leg and Discipline in Triathlon Mixed Team Relays?Journal of human kinetics · 2023Article
- Be Aware of the Benefits of Drafting in Sports and Take Your Advantage: A Meta-Analysis.Translational sports medicine · 2023Review
- The Effect of Verbal Encouragement on Performance and Muscle Fatigue in Swimming.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drafting in swimming is a tactic in which an athlete (drafter) swims in the wave of another athlete (leader). Our aim was to compare the effects of this tactic on the drafter, as far as muscle fatigue, muscle activity, and swimming efficiency are concerned. Fifteen drafters performed three 200 m front crawl trials at a controlled submaximal pace in three configurations: Behind Drafting (BD), Lateral Drafting (LD), and Free Swimming (FS). Muscle fatigue, muscle activity, and swimming efficiency were obtained by surface electromyography (EMG) and video analysis from flexor carpi radialis, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, and rectus femoris muscles. The outcome measures were: time slope of Mean Frequency (MNF), for muscle fatigue; time slope of Root Mean Square (RMS), for muscle activity; and Stroke Index (SI) for swimming efficiency. Negative variations of MNF were 5.1 ± 1.7%, 6.6 ± 4.1%, and 11.1 ± 2.7% in BD, LD, and FS, respectively. Statistical significance was found for all cases except for the rectus femoris. Positive variations of RMS were 3.4 ± 1.2%, 4.7 ± 2.7%, and 7.8 ± 4.6% in BD, LD, and FS, respectively. Statistical significance was found only for the slopes of latissimus dorsi in FS and LD. The largest mean in SI was measured in the BD (2.01 m
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