ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Incidence Trends of Five Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Excluding HIV From 1990 to 2019 at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and epidemiological patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in sub-Saharan Africa, 1964-2025: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and epidemiological patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in Canada, 1969-2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology of gonorrhea in countries of the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta analyses, and meta regressions.BMC global and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Independent clinic-based evaluation of dual POCTs for screening for HIV and syphilis in men who have sex with men in Italy, Malta, Peru, and the United Kingdom.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Long-acting reversible contraception, condom use and sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: a multi-country serial cross-sectional analysis using demographic and health surveys.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Jordan: prevalence, incidence, and clearance from a national laboratory dataset, 2014-2025.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Infertility Attributable to Sexually Transmitted Infections From 1990 to 2021, With Projections to 2050.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Article
- Global temporal trends and projections for the incidence of chlamydial infection among women of childbearing age over the next decade.Medicine · 2026Article
- Bilateral Panuveitis and Placoid Retinitis in Ocular Syphilis Complicated by Subsequent Retinal Detachment.Journal of vitreoretinal diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Out of focus: limited representation of men's health needs in regional and global sexual and reproductive health policy.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Socio-demographic factors, sexual autonomy, and self-reported sexually transmitted infection/symptoms among coupled women in Indonesia: A secondary analysis of a national survey.Belitung nursing journal · 2026Article
- Missed PrEP opportunities and vulnerability to HIV during rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment in South Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Profile ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Self-reported sexually transmitted infections among women in Indonesia: analysis of 2017 Indonesia demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Sexual behaviors and self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male and female youths in Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Implementing an Online Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Service for Young People in Regional and Rural Victoria, Australia: Insights From Local Public Health Authorities.The Australian journal of rural health · 2025Article
- Redefining the spliceosomal introns of the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and its close relative in columbid birds.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common worldwide and pose a challenge to public health. We conducted this study to assess the annual incidence of five common STIs, including syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes at the global, regional, and national levels. Materials and Methods: We obtained detailed data on STIs excluding HIV from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of STIs, stratified by gender, sociodemographic index (SDI) region, and pathogenic microorganism. Results: Globally, incident cases of STIs increased by 58.15% from 486.77 million in 1990 to 769.85 million in 2019, but the annual change in ASR was only -0.04% (95% CI -0.09 to 0.01) per year. EAPC was 0.16 (0.06 to 0.26) for syphilis, 0.09 (0.05 to 0.13) for genital herpes, 0.06 (0.03 to 0.09) for trichomoniasis, -0.21 (-0.36 to -0.06) for chlamydia, and -0.14 (-0.19 to -0.08) for gonorrhea. High SDI regions reported significant increases in ASR of syphilis and chlamydia. Conclusions: The burden of disease from STIs remains large, though control of STIs has contributed to the decreasing incidence in most regions, especially in the low-SDI regions. Globally, over the past 20 years, the ASR has remained stable for trichomoniasis and genital herpes decreased for chlamydia and gonorrhea, and increased for syphilis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.