ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2022
Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008-2016.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estimation of seroconversion and vaccination impact against FMD in India during 2006-2022 using survey sampling and Bayesian approaches.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Serological Detection of O-Type and A-Type Antibodies Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tongliao City, 2021-2022.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Spatial Patterns and Epidemiological Drivers of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Uganda.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Age- and agro-climatic zone-specific variations in post-vaccinal antibody responses to FMD vaccination in bovine populations: a longitudinal study from Karnataka, India.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Determinants of Foot and Mouth Virus in Eastern Algeria.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Article
- Estimation of foot-and-mouth disease virus sero-prevalence rates using novel computational approach for the susceptible bovine population in India during the period 2008-2021.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Foot-and-mouth disease status in India during the second decade of the twenty-first century (2011-2020).Veterinary research communications · 2022Review
- A scoping review of foot-and-mouth disease risk, based on spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of outbreaks in endemic settings.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Impact of mass vaccination on the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks in India, 2008-2016.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of serotypes O, A and Asia1 is frequent. Here, we provide an epidemiological assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence. The objective of this study was assessing the contribution of mass vaccination campaigns in reducing the risk of FMD in India from 2008 to 2016 by evaluating sero-monitoring data and modelling the spatiotemporal dynamics of reported outbreaks. Through analyzing antibody titre data from >1 million animals sampled as part of pre- and post-vaccination monitoring, we show that the percent of animals with inferred immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across states but generally increased through time. In addition, the number of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of animals with inferred protection. We then analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks across states using a Bayesian space-time model. This approach provides better acuity to disentangle the effect of mass vaccination programs on outbreak occurrence, while accounting for other factors that contribute to spatiotemporal variability in outbreak counts, notably proximity to international borders and inherent spatiotemporal correlations in incidence. This model demonstrated a ∼50% reduction in the risk of outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program. In addition, after controlling for spatial autocorrelation in the data, states that had international borders experienced heightened risk of FMD outbreaks. These findings help inform risk-based control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing reported clinical disease.
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