ArticleGeroScience2022
Early-life educational attainment, APOE ε4 alleles, and incident dementia risk in late life.
Article in GeroScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers' Brain Health: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Heterogeneity in the association between APOE ε4 carrier status and dementia risk by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Associations and interaction effects of socioeconomic, lifestyle, and genetic factors on intrinsic capacity.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Cognitive Status Classification Among Older Adults: A Study from SHARE-HCAP.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Is educational attainment protective against developing dementia? A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Education as a Modifier of Genetic Influence on Cognitive Ability in Older Adults.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- APOE genotype and cognitive decline: educational context as a moderator of genetic risk.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Migraine and increased cardiovascular disease risk: interaction with traditional risk factors and lifestyle factors.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Association of genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive function in two European populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of lifestyle with valvular heart disease progression and life expectancy among elderly people from different socioeconomic backgrounds.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Associations of metabolic changes and polygenic risk scores with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality across BMI categories: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Effect of apolipoprotein E ε4 and its modification by sociodemographic characteristics on cognitive measures in South Asians from LASI-DAD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- The Role of RIN3 Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: a Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Personalized Computational Causal Modeling of the Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Cascade.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Article
- Joint association of loneliness and traditional risk factor control and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes patients.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined the interactions between educational attainment and genetic susceptibility on dementia risk among adults over 60 years old. A total of 174,161 participants were free of dementia at baseline. The APOE ε4-related genetic risk was evaluated by the number of APOE ε4 alleles. The overall genetic susceptibility of dementia was evaluated by polygenetic risk score (PRS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between educational attainment and incident dementia. During a median of 8.9 years of follow-up, a total of 1482 incident cases of dementia were documented. After adjustment for covariates, we found that low education attainment was significantly associated with higher dementia risk in the APOE ε4 carriers, and such relation appeared to be stronger with the increasing number of ε4 alleles. In contrast, educational attainment was not associated with dementia risk in non-APOE ε4 carriers (P for multiplicative interaction = 0.006). In addition, we observed that the dementia risk associated with a combination of low educational attainment and high APOE ε4-related genetic risk was more than the addition of the risk associated with each of these factors (P for additive interaction < 0.001). We found similar significant interactions between educational attainment and PRS on both the multiplicative and additive scales on the dementia risk, mainly driven by the APOE genotype. These data indicate that higher educational attainment in early life may attenuate the risk for dementia, particularly among people with high genetic predisposition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.