ReviewEye (London, England)2023
Metastatic tumours to the eye. Review of metastasis to the iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, optic disc, vitreous, and/or lens capsule.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Woman with Painless Visual Reduction.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Review
- Choroidal melanoma edge recurrence 13 years after IAmerican journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Intraocular and Ocular Adnexal Metastases: A Comprehensive Review.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2026Review
- Acral lentiginous melanoma metastases to the vitreous masquerading as uveitis: A case report.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Deep Learning Classification of Uveal Melanoma and Metastatic Carcinoma on Cytology Specimens: A Single-Center Experience.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Bilateral choroidal metastases as the presenting sign of disseminated endometrial adenocarcinoma: a case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Ocular metastasis from esophageal cancer: a systematic review and pooled analysis of individual-level case data.Surgery today · 2026Review
- Case - A rare ocular recurrence of prostate cancer Adenocarcinoma metastasis to the vitreous.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2026Article
- Blurred vision as the first symptom of pancreatic cancer.BMJ case reports · 2026Review
- Intraocular Metastasis: Differential Diagnosis and Management.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Are iris masses in lung carcinoma always a metastasis: Two case reports.World journal of methodology · 2026Article
- Metastatic iris lesion from non-small cell lung cancer primary.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- An Eye-Opening Approach: Cancer of Unknown Primary Source With Choroidal Metastasis Case Report.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Nanotherapeutic potential in glaucoma associated ocular cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Exosome-Based Approaches in Regenerative Medicine and Targeted Therapy for Eye Malignancies: A Comprehensive Review.Eye and brain · 2026Review
- Case Report: Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor with extraocular muscle metastasis: a rare case hidden in diplopia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Orbital Metastases of Breast Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Choroidal metastasis: Impact of primary tumors and age on survival - a single center analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report.Oncology letters · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastasis to the eye can involve the choroid (90%), ciliary body (2%), iris (8%), and retina, optic disc, vitreous, and/or lens capsule (<1-4%). The mean number of uveal metastasis per eye (1.7), mean tumour base (11.6 mm) and thickness (3.2 mm), tumour colour (86% yellow), and presence of subretinal fluid (72%), are all clinical features suggestive of the diagnosis. Imaging with ultrasonography demonstrates an echodense mass (80%) and optical coherence tomography shows a "lumpy bumpy" choroidal surface (64%), both important diagnostic features. Uveal metastases typically emanate from primary cancer of the breast (37%), lung (27%), kidney (4%), gastrointestinal tract (4%), cutaneous melanoma (2%), lung carcinoid (2%), prostate (2%), thyroid (1%), pancreas (1%), and other sites (3%). Occasionally, fine needle aspiration biopsy is employed if the primary site is not known. In 16% of cases, the primary site remains unknown. Rarely, metastases affect the retina, vitreous, and lens capsule, most often originating from cutaneous melanoma and in patients previously treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis in a series of 1111 patients with uveal metastasis revealed 32% survival at 3 years and 24% at 5 years. Patients with uveal metastasis from carcinoid tumour showed most favourable survival at 5-years (92%), whereas pancreatic and kidney cancer demonstrated least favourable survival (0%). The 5-year survival was better for females (versus (vs.) males) (31% vs. 21%) and older adults (vs. children) (40% vs. 0%). In this review, we examine several large-cohort publications on the topic of ocular metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.