ArticleHuman immunology2022
HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Iraqi patients.
Article in Human immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationships Between Polymorphisms in HLA-G 3'UTR Region and COVID-19 Disease Severity.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- The immunogenetics of COVID-19.Immunogenetics · 2023Review
- Association of the HLA-G rs66554220 variant with non-segmental vitiligo and its clinical features in Northwestern Mexico population.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2023Article
- A review of the main genetic factors influencing the course of COVID-19 in Sardinia: the role of human leukocyte antigen-G.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Severity of COVID-19 Affects the Plasma Soluble Levels of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecules are proposed to influence susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A case-control study was conducted on 209 patients with COVID-19 and198 controls to assess soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels and HLA-G 14-bp insertion [Ins]/deletion [Del] polymorphism. Results revealed that median levels of sHLA-G were significantly higher in serum of COVID-19 patients than in controls (17.92 [interquartile range: 14.86-21.15] vs. 13.42 [9.95-17.38] ng/mL; probability <0.001). sHLA-G levels showed no significant differences between patients with moderate, severe or critical disease. Del allele was significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio = 1.89; 95% confidence interval = 1.44-2.48; corrected probability = 0.001), while a higher risk was associated with Del/Del genotype (odds ratio = 2.39; 95% confidence interval = 1.25-4.58; corrected probability = 0.048). Allele and genotype frequencies of HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism stratified by gender or disease severity showed no significant differences in each stratum. Further, there was no significant impact of genotypes on sHLA-G levels. In conclusion, sHLA-G levels were up-regulated in COVID-19 patients regardless of disease severity. Further, it is suggested that HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism is associated with COVID-19 risk.
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