ArticleFertility and sterility2022
Association of infertility with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal participants in the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in Fertility and sterility, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female infertility and long-term cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2026Pooled it
- History of infertility, risk of type 2 diabetes and HbADiabetologia · 2026Article
- Female Infertility: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor or Marker of a Population at Cardiovascular Risk?Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Article
- Reproduction history and health-promoting behaviors are associated with successful aging and survival.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Infertility and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of infertility, 1990-2021, and 15-year forecasts: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Complications and Long-Term Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Longitudinal Measures of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Subfertility in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The association between the triglyceride-glucose index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality within the infertility population.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between infertility and incident onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease after childbirth: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Self-reported infertility and longitudinal measures of cardiovascular risk factors: The CARDIA study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The association between reproductive history and abdominal adipose tissue among postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Infertility and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the women's health initiative.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Infertility and Subclinical Antecedents of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Framingham Heart Study.Journal of cardiac failure · 2024Article
- Vascular Health of Females with History of Assisted Reproductive Technology.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk factors and infertility: multivariable analyses and one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses in the Trøndelag Health Study.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Vascular function in a cohort of children, adolescents and young adults conceived through assisted reproductive technologies-results from the Munich heARTerY-study.Translational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of infertility with type and timing of menopause: a prospective cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Infertility and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association of infertility with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among postmenopausal participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). We hypothesized that nulliparity and pregnancy loss may reveal more extreme phenotypes of infertility, enabling further understanding of the association of infertility with ASCVD.
designProspective cohort study.
settingForty clinical centers in the United States. PATIENT(S): A total of 158,787 postmenopausal participants in the Women's Health Initiative cohort. INTERVENTION(S): Infertility, parity, and pregnancy loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was risk of ASCVD among women with and without a history of infertility, stratified by history of live birth and pregnancy loss. Cox proportional-hazards models were adjusted for demographics and risk factors for ASCVD. RESULT(S): Among 158,787 women, 25,933 (16.3%) reported a history of infertility; 20,427 (80%) had at least 1 live birth; and 9,062 (35%) had at least 1 pregnancy loss. There was a moderate overall association between infertility and ASCVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.06) over 19 years of follow-up. Among nulliparous women, infertility was associated with a 13% higher risk of ASCVD (95% CI, 1.04-1.23). Among nulliparous women who had a pregnancy loss, infertility was associated with a 36% higher risk of ASCVD (95% CI, 1.09-1.71). CONCLUSION(S): Women with a history of infertility overall had a moderately higher risk of ASCVD compared with women without a history of infertility. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk was much higher among nulliparous infertile women and among nulliparous infertile women who also had a pregnancy loss, suggesting that in these more extreme phenotypes, infertility may be associated with ASCVD risk.
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