Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35305571›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022

High prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance in Papua New Guinea: findings from the first nationally representative pre-treatment HIV drug resistance study.

Janet Gare, Ben Toto, Percy Pokeya, Linh-Vi Le, Nick Dala, Namarola Lote, Bangan John, Abel Yamba, Kevin Soli, Joshua DeVos and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 46% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.

Janet GareSexual and Reproductive Health Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Corner of Leigh Vial & Homate St, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, 441, Papua New Guinea. janet.gare@pngimr.org.pg.
Ben TotoSexual and Reproductive Health Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Corner of Leigh Vial & Homate St, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, 441, Papua New Guinea.
Percy PokeyaUnited States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Country Office of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Linh-Vi LeHIV, Hepatitis and STI Unit, Division of Communicable Disease, World Health Organization Regional Office of the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines.
Nick DalaDirector's Office, National AIDS Council Secretariat, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Namarola LoteWorld Health Organization Country Office of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Bangan JohnWorld Health Organization Country Office of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Abel YambaUnited States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Country Office of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Kevin SoliUnited States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Country Office of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Joshua DeVosDivision of Global HIV and TB, International Lab Branch, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Heather PaulinDivision of Global HIV and TB, HIV Care and Treatment Branch, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nick WagarDivision of Global HIV and TB, International Lab Branch, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Du-Ping ZhengDivision of Global HIV and TB, International Lab Branch, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Takeshi NishijimaNational Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Peniel BoasNational HIV Program Division, National Department of Health, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
Angela Kelly-Hanku *Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Corner of Leigh Vial & Homate St, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, 441, Papua New Guinea.
Anup Gurung *World Health Organization Country Office of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
National Department of Health · PGCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research · PGNational Center for Global Health and Medicine · JPWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific · PH

Funding

World Health Organization 001World Health Organization WHO-CO PTAEO: WPPNG1611068/64156/7.2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDetermining the prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) is important to assess the effectiveness of first-line therapies. To determine PDR prevalence in Papua New Guinea (PNG), we conducted a nationally representative survey.

methodsWe used a two-stage cluster sampling method to recruit HIV treatment initiators with and without prior exposure to antiretroviral therapies (ART) in selected clinics. Dried blood spots were collected and tested for PDR.

resultsA total of 315 sequences were available for analysis. The overall PDR prevalence rate was 18.4% (95% CI 13.8-24.3%). The prevalence of PDR to non-nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 17.8% (95% CI 13.6-23.0%) and of PDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was 6.3% (95% CI 1.6-17.1%). The PDR prevalence rate among people reinitiating ART was 42.4% (95% CI 29.1-56.4%).

conclusionsPNG has a high PDR prevalence rate, especially to NNRTI-based first-line therapies. Our findings suggest that removing NNRTIs as part of first-line treatment is warranted and will lead to improving viral suppression rates in PNG.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHIV-1HIV InfectionsDrug Resistance, ViralGenotypeHumansPapua New GuineaPrevalenceAnti-HIV AgentsAntiretroviral therapyHuman immunodeficiency virusPapua New GuineaPre-treatment drug resistance

Identifiers

PMID35305571
PMCPMC8934451
OpenAlexW4221083799

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.