ArticleThe oncologist2022
The Impact of Reproductive Factors on the Risk of Breast Cancer by ER/PR and HER2: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Northern and Eastern China.
Article in The oncologist, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of breastfeeding on the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Pooled it
- The influence of virtual reality on anxiety and pain in breast cancer patients: A systematic review.Technical innovations & patient support in radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Risk factors associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer among indian women: a multicentre matched case-control study.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- Association of cesarean section with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Understanding Cancer Risk Among Bangladeshi Women: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach to Socio-Reproductive Factors Using Tertiary Hospital Data.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring SGLT2 Inhibitors' Activity in Breast Cancer: An Overview.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Association of Pregnancy Complications with Endometrial or Ovarian or Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparing the Prognoses of Breast-Conserving Surgeries for Differently Aged Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer: Use of a Propensity Score Method.The breast journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have suggested that reproductive factors are associated with breast cancer risk. Breast cancer subtypes have distinct natural characteristics and may also have unique risk profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether reproductive factors affect the risk of breast cancer by estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status.
methodsA multicenter, case-control study was conducted. There were 1170 breast cancer patients and 1170 age- and hospital-matched females included in the analysis. Self-reported data were collected about lifestyle behaviors, including reproductive factors. Breast cancer cases were categorized subtypes according to ER, PR, and HER2 expression as HR- positive, HER2-enriched, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsHaving ≤1 child increased risk of HR-positive breast cancer (OR 1.882; 95%CI 1.29-2.74), especially in the premenopausal group (OR 2.212; 95%CI 1.23-3.99). Compared with women who first gave birth after age 30 years, earlier age at first birth decreased the risk of HR-positive breast cancer (≤23 years: OR 0.209; 95%CI 0.14-0.30; 24-29 years: OR 0.256; 95%CI 0.18-0.36; P < .001). Compared with those who had an average breastfed/birth period of more than 2 years, those with an average period less than 6 months had an elevated risk of all subtypes (HR positive: OR 2.690; 95%CI 1.71-4.16, P < .001; HER2-enriched: OR 3.779; 95%CI, 1.62-8.79, P = .001; TNBC: OR 2.564; 95%CI 1.11-5.94, P = .022). For postmenopausal patients, shorter period of lifetime menstrual cycles (≤30 years) had an obviously decreased risk in HR-positive cases (OR 0.397; 95%CI 0.22-0.71), while there was no similar appearance in other molecular subtypes.
conclusionThe results suggest that reproductive behaviors affect risk of breast cancer differently according to ER/PR and HER2 status.
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