ArticleUpdates in surgery2022
Surgical site infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms: a case-control study in general surgery.
Article in Updates in surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03574090 (PROTOP), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PROTOP: Study of the Efficacy of Topical Antibiotherapy in the Prophylaxis of Incisional Surgical Localization Infection in Colorectal Surgery
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Guideline on Pre-Operative Prevention of Surgical Site Infections Following Digestive Surgery: A Joint Update of the WHO SSI Guideline for Gastrointestinal Surgery by UEG, ESCP, EAES, and SIS-E.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Guideline
- Two Multidrug-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- GenusMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Early Factors Related to Healthcare Utilization by Infection Status among Combat Injured.Military medicine · 2026Article
- Intraoperative Wound Irrigation in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Survey of Current Understanding and Practice Across the United States.Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- From Guideline to Clinical Practice: Towards an Era Without Surgical Site Infections.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Article
- Economic burden of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant organism infections in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: a bootstrap-based retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between MDROs colonization and subsequent infections in ICU patients: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality, pathogen distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections from 1990 to 2021: a cross-sectional analysis of the MICROBE database.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Model for Predicting Multidrug Resistance in ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic immune dysfunction in critical ill patients with multidrug-resistant bacterial colonization and infection.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Uropathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profile at a Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Targeting virulence of resistant Escherichia coli by the FDA-approved drugs sitagliptin and nitazoxanide as an alternative antimicrobial approach.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- High incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms and modifiable risk factors associated with surgical site infections: a cohort study in a tertiary medical center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 2020 to 2023.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Genotypic profile of Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and E. coli colonizing dogs, surgeons, and environment during the intraoperative period: a cross-sectional study in a veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Microbiota-based biomarkers of infection risk in patients undergoing vascular endograft implantation: a pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Multidrug ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Promising Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Paracetamol as Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Virulence Agents against ResistantCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Tailored Pre-Operative Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Post-Operative Surgical Site Infections in General Surgery.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in the anaesthesia work area has greater risk of association with development of surgical site infection when resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic administered for surgery.The Journal of hospital infection · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDR-Os) are emerging as a significant cause of surgical site infections (SSI), but clinical outcomes and risk factors associated to MDR-Os-SSI have been poorly investigated in general surgery. Aims were to investigate risk factors, clinical outcomes and costs of care of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDR-Os-SSI) in general surgery. From January 2018 to December 2019, all the consecutive, unselected patients affected by MDR-O SSI were prospectively evaluated. In the same period, patients with non-MDR-O SSI and without SSI, matched for clinical and surgical data were used as control groups. Risk factors for infection, clinical outcome, and costs of care were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis. Among 3494 patients operated on during the study period, 47 presented an MDR-O SSI. Two control groups of 47 patients with non-MDR-O SSI and without SSI were identified. MDR-Os SSI were caused by poly-microbial etiology, meanly related to Gram negative Enterobacteriales. MDR-Os-SSI were related to major postoperative complications. At univariate analysis, iterative surgery, open abdomen, intensive care, hospital stay, and use of aggressive and expensive therapies were associated to MDR-Os-SSI. At multivariate analysis, only iterative surgery and the need of total parenteral and immune-nutrition were significantly associated to MDR-Os-SSI. The extra-cost of MDR-Os-SSI treatment was 150% in comparison to uncomplicated patients. MDR-Os SSI seems to be associated with major postoperative complications and reoperative surgery, they are demanding in terms of clinical workload and costs of care, they are rare but increasing, and difficult to prevent with current strategies.
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Registered trials
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