ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2022
Development of an Electronic Frailty Index for Hospitalized Older Adults in Sweden.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of an electronic health record-based frailty index in the UK Biobank.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Smart aging: integrating AI into elderly healthcare.BMC geriatrics · 2025Review
- The Implementation of Frailty Assessment Tools in the Acute Care Setting: A Scoping Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Frailty indices based on routinely collected data: a scoping review.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Enhancing emergency care for older persons: the role and impact of the electronic Frailty Index.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Development and indirect validation of a model predicting frailty in the French healthcare claims database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Developing an Electronic Frailty Index (eFI) and a biological age trajectory with a cohort of over one million older adults in Hong Kong.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a generalizable electronic frailty index: a prospective study in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Frailty phenotypes and their association with health consequences: a comparison of different measures.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Review
- Using Existing Clinical Data to Measure Older Adult Inpatients' Frailty at Admission and Discharge: Hospital Patient Register Study.JMIR aging · 2024Article
- Development and validation of an electronic frailty index in a national health maintenance organization.Aging · 2024Article
- Deep learning-based prediction of one-year mortality in Finland is an accurate but unfair aging marker.Nature aging · 2024Article
- Prognostic accuracy of 70 individual frailty biomarkers in predicting mortality in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.GeroScience · 2024Article
- New horizons in frailty identification via electronic frailty indices: early implementation lessons from experiences in England and the United States.Age and ageing · 2024Article
- Reliability of the Frailty Index Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Use of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in Gerontology: Benefits, Considerations and a Promising Future.Clinical interventions in aging · 2023Review
- Two Years with COVID-19: The Electronic Frailty Index Identifies High-Risk Patients in the Stockholm GeroCovid Study.Gerontology · 2023Article
- Development and validation of an electronic database-based frailty index to predict mortality and hospitalization in a population-based study of adults with SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
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19 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundFrailty assessment in the Swedish health system relies on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), but it requires training, in-person evaluation, and is often missing in medical records. We aimed to develop an electronic frailty index (eFI) from routinely collected electronic health records (EHRs) and assess its association with adverse outcomes in hospitalized older adults.
methodsEHRs were extracted for 18 225 patients with unplanned admissions between 1 March 2020 and 17 June 2021 from 9 geriatric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. A 48-item eFI was constructed using diagnostic codes, functioning and other health indicators, and laboratory data. The CFS, Hospital Frailty Risk Score, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were used for comparative assessment of the eFI. We modeled in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission using logistic regression; 30-day and 6-month mortality using Cox regression; and length of stay using linear regression.
resultsThirteen thousand one hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in analyses (mean age 83.1 years). A 0.03 increment in the eFI was associated with higher risks of in-hospital (odds ratio: 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-1.78), 30-day (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.43; 1.38-1.48), and 6-month mortality (HR: 1.34; 1.31-1.37) adjusted for age and sex. Of the frailty and comorbidity measures, the eFI had the highest area under receiver operating characteristic curve for in-hospital mortality of 0.813. Higher eFI was associated with longer length of stay, but had a rather poor discrimination for 30-day readmission.
conclusionsAn EHR-based eFI has robust associations with adverse outcomes, suggesting that it can be used in risk stratification in hospitalized older adults.
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