Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35303469›Full record

ArticleLancet (London, England)2022

Population health outcomes in Nigeria compared with other west African countries, 1998-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Blake Angell, Olutobi Sanuade, Ifedayo M O Adetifa, Iruka N Okeke, Aishatu Lawal Adamu, Muktar H Aliyu, Emmanuel A Ameh, Fatima Kyari, Muktar A Gadanya, Diana A Mabayoje and 26 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Health-related quality of life due to malaria: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Pooled it
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  13. Strengthening Research Ethics Capacity in West Africa, 2015-2024.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

Blake AngellUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Olutobi SanuadeUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Center for Global Cardiovascular Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ifedayo M O AdetifaDepartment of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Iruka N OkekeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Aishatu Lawal AdamuDepartment of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Muktar H AliyuVanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Emmanuel A AmehDivision of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.
Fatima KyariCollege of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Muktar A GadanyaDepartment of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Diana A MabayojeUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Adesola Yinka-OgunleyeUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Tolu OniMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Rabiu Ibrahim JaloDepartment of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Fatimah I Tsiga-AhmedDepartment of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Sarah L DalglishUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
Seye AbimbolaSchool of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Tim ColbournUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
Obinna OnwujekweHealth Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Eme Theodora OwoajeDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Gambo AliyuNational Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria.
Sani H AliyuInfectious Disease and Microbiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Belinda ArchibongBarnard College, New York, NY, USA.
Alex EzehDornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Chikwe IhekweazuNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.
Zubairu IliyasuDepartment of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Stephen ObaroDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Ebenezer Babatunde ObadareSociology Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KA, USA.
Friday OkonofuaCentre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria.
Muhammed PateHealth, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice and Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Babatunde L SalakoNigeria Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
Fatima H ZannaNational Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria.
Scott GlennInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Medicine Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ally WalkerInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Medicine Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Maha EzalarabInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Medicine Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mohsen NaghaviInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Medicine Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ibrahim AbubakarUCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: i.abubakar@ucl.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPopulation-level health and mortality data are crucial for evidence-informed policy but scarce in Nigeria. To fill this gap, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of the burden of disease in Nigeria and compared outcomes to other west African countries.

methodsIn this systematic analysis, using data and results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we analysed patterns of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), life expectancy, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and health system coverage for Nigeria and 15 other west African countries by gender in 1998 and 2019. Estimates of all-age and age-standardised disability-adjusted life-years for 369 diseases and injuries and 87 risk factors are presented for Nigeria. Health expenditure per person and gross domestic product were extracted from the World Bank repository.

findingsBetween 1998 and 2019, life expectancy and HALE increased in Nigeria by 18% to 64·3 years (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 62·2-66·6), mortality reduced for all age groups for both male and female individuals, and health expenditure per person increased from the 11th to third highest in west Africa by 2018 (US$18·6 in 2001 to $83·75 in 2018). Nonetheless, relative outcomes remained poor; Nigeria ranked sixth in west Africa for age-standardised mortality, seventh for HALE, tenth for YLLs, 12th for health system coverage, and 14th for YLDs in 2019. Malaria (5176·3 YLLs per 100 000 people, 95% UI 2464·0-9591·1) and neonatal disorders (4818·8 YLLs per 100 000, 3865·9-6064·2) were the leading causes of YLLs in Nigeria in 2019. Nigeria had the fourth-highest under-five mortality rate for male individuals (2491·8 deaths per 100 000, 95% UI 1986·1-3140·1) and female individuals (2117·7 deaths per 100 000, 1756·7-2569·1), but among the lowest mortality for men older than 55 years. There was evidence of a growing non-communicable disease burden facing older Nigerians.

interpretationHealth outcomes remain poor in Nigeria despite higher expenditure since 2001. Better outcomes in countries with equivalent or lower health expenditure suggest health system strengthening and targeted intervention to address unsafe water sources, poor sanitation, malnutrition, and exposure to air pollution could substantially improve population health.

fundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseasePopulation HealthAfrica, WesternFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornLife ExpectancyMaleNigeria

Identifiers

PMID35303469
PMCPMC8943279

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.