Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35303250›Full record

SynthesisPrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2024

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prenatal, Birth, and Postnatal Factors Associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.

Rebecca H Bitsko, Joseph R Holbrook, Brenna O'Masta, Brion Maher, Audrey Cerles, Kayla Saadeh, Zayan Mahmooth, Laurel M MacMillan, Margaret Rush, Jennifer W Kaminski

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chemical Exposures and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Childhood Physical Health and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Modifiable Factors.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
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  8. Article
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  10. Review
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  18. Brain-Behavior Relationships: Neural Mechanisms of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology · 2025
    Review
  19. Linking pregnancy- and birth-related risk factors to a multivariate fusion of child cortical structure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rebecca H BitskoDivision of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. dvk2@cdc.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-1370-9890
Joseph R HolbrookDivision of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Brenna O'MastaGryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.
Brion MaherDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Audrey CerlesGryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.
Kayla SaadehGryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.
Zayan MahmoothGryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.
Laurel M MacMillanGryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.
Margaret RushGryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD, USA.
Jennifer W KaminskiDivision of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Gryphon Scientific (United States) · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999NCBDD CDC HHS ID04130157
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous studies have shown mixed results on the relationship between prenatal, birth, and postnatal ("pregnancy-related") risk factors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted meta-analyses to identify potentially modifiable pregnancy-related factors associated with ADHD. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE in 2014, followed by an updated search in January 2021, identified 69 articles published in English on pregnancy-related risk factors and ADHD for inclusion. Risk factors were included in the meta-analysis if at least three effect sizes with clear pregnancy-related risk factor exposure were identified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated for ADHD overall, ADHD diagnosis, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for dichotomous measures and correlation coefficients (CC) for continuous measures. Prenatal factors (pre-pregnancy weight, preeclampsia, pregnancy complications, elevated testosterone exposure), and postnatal factors (Apgar score, neonatal illness, no breastfeeding) were positively associated with ADHD overall; the findings for ADHD diagnosis were similar with the exception that there were too few effect sizes available to examine pre-pregnancy weight and lack of breastfeeding. Prenatal testosterone was significantly associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Effect sizes were generally small (range 1.1-1.6 ORs, -0.16-0.11 CCs). Risk factors occurring at the time of birth (perinatal asphyxia, labor complications, mode of delivery) were not significantly associated with ADHD. A better understanding of factors that are consistently associated with ADHD may inform future prevention strategies. The findings reported here suggest that prenatal and postnatal factors may serve as potential targets for preventing or mitigating the symptoms of ADHD.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildFemaleHumansPregnancyRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID35303250
PMCPMC9482663
OpenAlexW4220909705

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.