ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2022
Viral co-infections are associated with increased rates of hospitalization in those with influenza.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting societal risk factors for respiratory co-infections: a cross-sectional study based on multi-source fever clinic data.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comparison of Clinical Profile and Outcomes Associated with Adenovirus and Non-adenovirus Viral Pneumonia in Children Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Retrospective Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Wastewater Surveillance of Enteroviruses Potentially Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nepal.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Experimental Models to Investigate Viral and Cellular Dynamics in Respiratory Viral Co-Infections.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Iranian Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- A branched peptide targets virus and host to block influenza virus and rhinovirus entry.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Population-level respiratory virus-virus interactions, Puerto Rico, 2013-2023.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics of adults with influenza A virus pneumonia and co-infections identified by mNGS in Jilin, China during 2024-2025.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Viral co-infections are associated with increased rates of hospitalization in those with influenza.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Among patients infected with influenza, the presence of bacterial co-infection is associated with worse clinical outcomes; less is known regarding the clinical importance of viral co-infections. The objective of this study was to determine rates of viral co-infections in emergency department (ED) patients with confirmed influenza and association of co-infection with disease severity.
methodsSecondary analysis of a biorepository and clinical database from a parent study where rapid influenza testing was implemented in four U.S. academic EDs, during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Patients were systematically tested for influenza virus using a validated clinical decision guideline. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records; nasopharyngeal specimens from influenza-positive patients were tested for viral co-infections (ePlex, Genmark Diagnostics). Patterns of viral co-infections were evaluated using chi-square analysis. The association of viral co-infection with hospital admission was assessed using univariate and multivariate regression.
resultsThe overall influenza A/B positivity rate was 18.1% (1071/5919). Of the 999 samples with ePlex results, the prevalence of viral co-infections was 7.9% (79/999). The most common viral co-infection was rhinovirus/enterovirus (RhV/EV), at 3.9% (39/999). The odds of hospital admission (OR 2.33, 95% CI: 1.01-5.34) increased significantly for those with viral co-infections (other than RhV/EV) versus those with influenza A infection only.
conclusionPresence of viral co-infection (other than RhV/EV) in ED influenza A/B positive patients was independently associated with increased risk of hospital admission. Further research is needed to determine clinical utility of ED multiplex testing.
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