ReviewCurrent environmental health reports2022
Menstrual Products as a Source of Environmental Chemical Exposure: A Review from the Epidemiologic Perspective.
Review in Current environmental health reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- In vitro metal leaching from tampons under simulated vaginal and menstrual pH conditions.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Microplastics in the Female Genital Tract and Fetoplacental Continuum: A Lesion-Based Framework for Pathophysiological Interpretation.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Estrogenic activity in tampon products.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- "Monthly Flower Blooms and Sheds off": Awareness, Hesitancy, and usage of Sustainable Menstrual Products among College Students of Pathanamthitta District, Kerala.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Perspectives on engineering and biomaterials in tampon design: a review of device-tissue interactions and dysmenorrhea risk.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Plastic Additives in Single-Use and Reusable Menstrual Products: Potential Implications for Human Health and the Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Menstrual product use patterns in a large digital cohort in the United States: variations by sociodemographic, health, and menstrual characteristics.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Vulvar Care: Reviewing Concepts in Daily Hygiene.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Menstrual hygiene management among girls and women refugees in Africa: a scoping review.Conflict and health · 2025Review
- Environmental impact of menstrual hygiene products.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Menstrual Cup Usage Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ernakulam District, Kerala.Cureus · 2025Article
- Tampons as a source of exposure to metal(loid)s.Environment international · 2024Article
- A pharmacist's role in increasing access to menstrual products: an education and advocacy approach.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- Climate change and sexual and reproductive health: what implications for future research?Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Metals and Menarche.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Examining differences in menstrual and intimate care product use by race/ethnicity and education among menstruating individuals.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender.Exposome · 2023Review
- Menstrual and menopausal health: How the two converge and a call for comprehensive menopausal education.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewMenstrual bleeding is a regular, common occurrence in a substantial portion of the population. Menstruators may use more than 10,000 menstrual products over the lifetime. Given the potential for environmental chemicals in menstrual products to be absorbed by the vulvar and vaginal epithelium into systemic circulation, we reviewed the available data on menstrual products as a source of environmental chemical exposure. RECENT
findingsNearly two dozen studies have been conducted measuring environmental contaminants in menstrual products; all have detected environmental chemicals but had discrepant conclusions on exposure risks. Only three human studies have investigated menstrual product use and environmental chemical concentrations and all observed associations. Detection of environmental chemicals in menstrual products, in combination with challenges of exposure assessment, scarcity of human studies, and the exceedingly common occurrence of menstrual bleeding, motivates the need for further research. We provide recommendations to move this field forward.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.