Observational studyBMJ open2022
Validation of Visual Analogue Scales of job demand and job control at the workplace: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02596737 (WittyFit - Live Your Work Differently), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
WittyFit - Live Your Work Differently
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Occupational Stress on the Body Mass Index of Hospital Workers: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Behind the Mask: Risk Profiles of Depression and Anxiety in Anesthesiology Residents.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Validation of visual analogue scales to assess occupational stress compared to the Karasek questionnaire: A cross sectional study.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Article
- Influence of Socio-Demographic, Occupational and Lifestyle Variables on Sleep Time.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Psychosocial work environment beyond WEIRD: meta-analytic and psychometric evidence on the Job Content Questionnaire.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Validation of the Chinese Maudsley three-item visual analogue scale to measure depressive symptoms in a youth population.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Occupational stress and body composition of hospital workers: a follow-up study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Impact of Medical Explainable Artificial Intelligence on Nurses' Innovation Behaviour: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach.Journal of nursing management · 2024Article
- Mistakes are not an option: aggression from peers and other correlates of anxiety and depression in pediatricians in training.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study to assess job strain of emergency healthcare workers by Karasek questionnaire: The SEEK study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Work-related stress of companies' directors during the first lockdown due to the COVID-19.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWork-related stress is a major concern. One of the best performing models is the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) of Karasek, assessing job demand and job control using 18 items. However, the JCQ is long and complex. Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) are easy to use and quick to implement. VASs have been validated to assess pain and occupational stress; however, VASs demand and control have not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to validate the use of VAS demand and control compared with the 18 items of the JCQ.
designWe implemented a cross-sectional observational study, by administering a self-reported questionnaire to the users of Wittyfit software, with a second test (retest) proposed 1 week later. In addition to JCQ, VAS demand and control, we measured sociodemographic outcomes, as well as characteristics of work, sleep, well-being, stress, depression and anxiety.
participants190 volunteers French workers using WittyFit software participated in the study, and 129 completed the test-retest.
resultsVAS demand and VAS control correlated with the two Karasek domains from the JCQ, respectively, at 0.59 and 0.57 (p<0.001). Test-retest reliability highlighted concordance coefficients higher than 0.70. Sensitivity was higher than 70% for each VAS. External validity was acceptable. For both demand and control, VAS cut-offs were 75/100. Compared with other workers, senior executives and individuals with master's degrees had higher levels of job control but did not differ in job demand using the VAS and JCQ.
conclusionsVAS demand and VAS control are valid, quick, easy to use, and reliable tools for the assessment of job demand and job control. They can be used in daily clinical practice for primary prevention and diagnosis. However, when results are over 75 mm on VAS, we promote the use of JCQ to be more discriminant and specific to initiate action plans to help workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02596737.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.