ReviewChest2022
Sex and Gender in Lung Disease and Sleep Disorders: A State-of-the-Art Review.
Review in Chest, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediction of antioxidant capacity, age, and sex on sleep impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Article
- Sex and Gender in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Does It Matter?Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Uncovering Sex and Gender Differences in Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Gender Divergence in COPD Phenotypes and Narrowing Urban-Rural Diagnostic Gaps: A Surveillance Study in Chongqing, China, 2020-2024.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Increased reporting of interstitial pneumonitis with combined EGFR-TKI and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy in NSCLC: a pharmacovigilance analysis of 67,818 reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Addressing Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Models of Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in diagnostic workup of benign pancreaticobiliary disease before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.iGIE : innovation, investigation and insights · 2025Article
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Cancer Care-Analyzing Routinely Collected Patient-Reported Outcomes. A Cross-Sectional Study.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Sex and gender differences during the lung lifespan: unveiling a pivotal impact.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Sleep disturbances based on patient reported outcomes in patients with breast cancer.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- The association of diabetes mellitus and routinely collected patient-reported outcomes in patients with cancer. A real-world cohort study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional and population-based study from primary care on post-COVID-19 conditions in non-hospitalized patients.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Symptom Burden of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Attending the Westmead Breathlessness Service: Prevalence, Associations, and Sex-Related Differences.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Post-Operative Poor Sleep Quality and Its Associated Factors Among Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cancer management and research · 2023Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Interstitial Lung Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Commercial human pulmonary artery endothelial cells have in-vitro behavior that varies by sex.Pulmonary circulation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The terms sex and gender often are used interchangeably, but have specific meaning when it comes to their effects on lung disease. Ample evidence is now available that sex and gender affect the incidence, susceptibility, presentation, diagnosis, and severity of many lung diseases. Some conditions are more prevalent in women, such as asthma. Other conditions are seen almost exclusively in women, like lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Some life stages-such as pregnancy-are unique to women and can affect the onset and course of lung disease. Clinical presentation may differ as well, such as higher number of exacerbations experienced by women with COPD and greater cardiovascular morbidity in women with sleep-disordered breathing. In addition, response to therapy and medication safety may also differ by sex, and yet, pharmacogenomic factors often are not addressed adequately in clinical trials. Various aspects of lung and sleep biology and pathobiology are impacted by female sex and female reproductive transitions. Differential gene expression or organ development can be impacted by these biological differences. Understanding these differences is the first step in moving toward precision medicine for women. This article is a state-of-the-art review of specific effects of sex and gender focused on epidemiology, disease presentation, risk factors, and management of lung diseases. Pathobiological mechanisms explaining sex differences in these diseases are beyond the scope of this article. We review the literature and focus on recent guidelines about using sex and gender in research. We also review sex and gender differences in lung diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.